Lin Qiumei, He Pingfeng, Tao Jing, Peng Jing
Department of General Medicine, Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, 400014 Chongqing, China.
Rev Cardiovasc Med. 2024 Jun 19;25(6):222. doi: 10.31083/j.rcm2506222. eCollection 2024 Jun.
Exosomes (EXOs) are a subgroup of extracellular vesicles (EVs) that contain numerous biologically active molecules. They exhibit an essential mode of cell communication, primarily between distinct cell populations, for the maintenance of tissue homeostasis and coordination of adaptive responses to various stresses. These intercellular communications are vital for the complex, multicellular cardiovascular system. In the last ten years, their potential role as effective tissue-to-tissue communicators has received increasing attention in cardiovascular physiology and pathology. There is growing evidence that repair of the heart and regeneration can be promoted by EXOs derived from cardiomyocytes or stem/progenitor cells. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. EVs derived from different stem/progenitor cell populations have been used as cell-free therapies in different preclinical models involving cardiovascular diseases and have shown promising results. In this review, we have summarized the recent developments in EXOs research, the impact of EXOs derived from different cells on the cardiovascular system, their potential therapeutic roles as well as new diagnostic biomarkers, and the possible clinical translational outcomes.
外泌体（EXOs）是细胞外囊泡（EVs）的一个亚群，含有众多生物活性分子。它们展现出一种重要的细胞通讯模式，主要发生在不同细胞群体之间，以维持组织稳态并协调对各种应激的适应性反应。这些细胞间通讯对于复杂的多细胞心血管系统至关重要。在过去十年中，它们作为有效的组织间通讯者的潜在作用在心血管生理学和病理学中受到越来越多的关注。越来越多的证据表明，源自心肌细胞或干/祖细胞的外泌体可以促进心脏修复和再生。然而，其潜在机制仍不清楚。源自不同干/祖细胞群体的细胞外囊泡已在涉及心血管疾病的不同临床前模型中用作无细胞疗法，并显示出有前景的结果。在本综述中，我们总结了外泌体研究的最新进展、源自不同细胞的外泌体对心血管系统的影响、它们作为潜在治疗手段以及新诊断生物标志物的作用，以及可能的临床转化结果。
