Yu Jessica, Ashraf Rahbika, Mahajan Anisha, Hogan Jaimie L, Darlington Gerarda, Buchholz Andrea C, Duncan Alison M, Haines Jess, Ma David W L
Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
Rev Cardiovasc Med. 2023 Sep 18;24(9):259. doi: 10.31083/j.rcm2409259. eCollection 2023 Sep.
Excess dietary sugar intake increases the risk of unhealthy weight gain, an important cardiometabolic risk factor in children. To further our understanding of this relationship, we performed a narrative review using two approaches. First, research examining dietary sugar intake, its associations with cardiometabolic health, impact of genetics on sweet taste perception and intake, and how genetics moderates the association of dietary sugar intake and cardiometabolic risk factors in preschool-aged children 1.5-5 years old is reviewed. Second, methodological considerations for collecting and analyzing dietary intake of sugar, genetic information, and markers of cardiometabolic health among young children are provided. Our key recommendations include the following for researchers: (1) Further longitudinal research on sugar intake and cardiometabolic risk factors is warranted to inform policy decisions and guidelines for healthy eating in preschool-aged children. (2) Consistency in sugar definitions is needed across research studies to aid with comparisons of results. (3) Select dietary collection tools specific to each study's aim and sugar definition(s). (4) Limit subjectivity of dietary assessment tools as this impacts interpretation of study results. (5) Choose non-invasive biomarkers of cardiometabolic disease until the strengths and limitations of available biomarkers in preschool-aged children are clarified. (6) Select approaches that account for the polygenic nature of cardiometabolic disease such as genome risk scores and genome wide association studies to assess how genetics moderates the relationship between dietary sugar intake and cardiometabolic risk. This review highlights potential recommendations that will support a research environment to help inform policy decisions and healthy eating policies to reduce cardiometabolic risk in young children.
过量摄入膳食糖会增加儿童不健康体重增加的风险，这是儿童重要的心血管代谢风险因素。为了进一步了解这种关系，我们采用了两种方法进行叙述性综述。首先，回顾了关于膳食糖摄入、其与心血管代谢健康的关联、遗传学对甜味感知和摄入的影响，以及遗传学如何调节1.5至5岁学龄前儿童膳食糖摄入与心血管代谢风险因素之间关联的研究。其次，提供了收集和分析幼儿膳食糖摄入量、遗传信息以及心血管代谢健康标志物的方法学考量。我们对研究人员的关键建议如下：（1）有必要进一步开展关于糖摄入与心血管代谢风险因素的纵向研究，以为学龄前儿童健康饮食的政策决策和指南提供依据。（2）各研究之间需要在糖的定义上保持一致，以有助于结果的比较。（3）根据每项研究的目的和糖的定义选择特定的膳食收集工具。（4）限制膳食评估工具的主观性，因为这会影响对研究结果的解释。（5）在学龄前儿童现有生物标志物的优势和局限性得到明确之前，选择心血管代谢疾病的非侵入性生物标志物。（6）选择考虑心血管代谢疾病多基因性质的方法，如基因组风险评分和全基因组关联研究，以评估遗传学如何调节膳食糖摄入与心血管代谢风险之间的关系。本综述强调了潜在的建议，这些建议将支持一个研究环境，以帮助为政策决策和健康饮食政策提供信息，从而降低幼儿的心血管代谢风险。
