J Acad Nutr Diet. 2020 Jan;120(1):23-32. doi: 10.1016/j.jand.2019.09.007. Epub 2019 Nov 14.
Limited information is available on added sugars consumption in US infants and toddlers.
To present national estimates of added sugars intake among US infants and toddlers by sociodemographic characteristics, to identify top sources of added sugars, and to examine trends in added sugars intake.
Cross-sectional analysis of 1 day of 24-hour dietary recall data.
PARTICIPANTS/SETTING: A nationally representative sample of US infants aged 0 to 11 months and toddlers aged 12 to 23 months (n=1,211) during the period from 2011 through 2016 from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Trends were assessed from 2005-2006 through 2015-2016 (n=2,795).
Among infants and toddlers, the proportion consuming any added sugars, the average amount of added sugars consumed, percent of total energy from added sugars, and top sources of added sugars intake.
Paired t tests were used to compare differences by age, sex, race/Hispanic origin, family income level, and head of household education level. Trends were tested using orthogonal polynomials. Significance was set at P<0.05.
During 2011 to 2016, 84.4% of infants and toddlers consumed added sugars on a given day. A greater proportion of toddlers (98.3%) consumed added sugars than infants (60.6%). The mean amount of added sugars toddlers consumed was also more compared with infants (5.8 vs 0.9 tsp). Non-Hispanic black toddlers (8.2 tsp) consumed more added sugars than non-Hispanic Asian (3.7 tsp), non-Hispanic white (5.3 tsp), and Hispanic (5.9 tsp) toddlers. A similar pattern was observed for percent energy from added sugars. For infants, top sources of added sugars were yogurt, baby food snacks/sweets, and sweet bakery products; top sources among toddlers were fruit drinks, sugars/sweets, and sweet bakery products. The mean amount of added sugars decreased from 2005-2006 through 2015-2016 for both age groups; however, percent energy from added sugars only decreased among infants.
Added sugars intake was observed among infants/toddlers and varied by age and race and Hispanic origin. Added sugars intake, as a percent of energy, decreased only among infants from 2005 to 2016.
关于美国婴幼儿添加糖的摄入量，目前仅有有限信息。
根据社会人口统计学特征，呈现美国婴幼儿添加糖摄入量的全国估计值，确定添加糖的主要来源，并检测添加糖摄入量的变化趋势。
对 24 小时膳食回顾数据的 1 天进行横断面分析。
参与者/设置：来自美国国家健康和营养检查调查（National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey）2011 年至 2016 年期间，0 至 11 个月的婴儿和 12 至 23 个月的幼儿各有 1211 名（n=1211），构成了一个具有全国代表性的样本。从 2005-2006 年到 2015-2016 年（n=2795）评估了趋势。
在婴儿和幼儿中，摄入任何添加糖的比例、摄入的添加糖的平均量、来自添加糖的总能量百分比以及添加糖摄入量的主要来源。
采用配对 t 检验比较不同年龄、性别、种族/西班牙裔来源、家庭收入水平和家庭主要成员教育程度之间的差异。采用正交多项式检验趋势。设定显著性水平为 P<0.05。
在 2011 年至 2016 年期间，84.4%的婴幼儿在某一天摄入了添加糖。与婴儿（60.6%）相比，幼儿（98.3%）摄入添加糖的比例更高。幼儿摄入的添加糖的平均量也高于婴儿（5.8 茶匙比 0.9 茶匙）。非西班牙裔黑人幼儿（8.2 茶匙）摄入的添加糖多于非西班牙裔亚裔（3.7 茶匙）、非西班牙裔白人和西班牙裔（均为 5.3 茶匙）幼儿。来自添加糖的能量百分比也呈现出类似的模式。对于婴儿，添加糖的主要来源是酸奶、婴儿食品零食/甜食和甜烘焙产品；对于幼儿，主要来源是水果饮料、糖/甜食和甜烘焙产品。2005-2016 年间，两组的添加糖摄入量平均值都有所下降；然而，只有婴儿的来自添加糖的能量百分比有所下降。
在婴幼儿中观察到添加糖的摄入量，且因年龄和种族/西班牙裔来源而异。从 2005 年到 2016 年，仅婴儿的添加糖摄入量占能量的百分比有所下降。
