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超声心动图在心肌病诊断中的应用：现状与未来方向

Echocardiography in the Diagnosis of Cardiomyopathies: Current Status and Future Directions.

作者信息

Trasca Livia, Popescu Mihaela Roxana, Popescu Andreea Catarina, Balanescu Serban Mihai

机构信息

Cardiothoracic Medicine Department, "Carol Davila'' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania.

Department of Cardiology, Elias Emergency University Hospital, 11461 Bucharest, Romania.

出版信息

Rev Cardiovasc Med. 2022 Aug 10;23(8):280. doi: 10.31083/j.rcm2308280. eCollection 2022 Aug.

DOI:10.31083/j.rcm2308280
PMID:39076629
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11266959/
Abstract

Cardiomyopathies are a challenging pathology and echocardiography is essential for diagnosis and prognosis. The most frequent cardiomyopathies are the dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and the hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), followed by the less frequent restrictive (RCM) and arrhythmogenic right ventricle cardiomyopathies (ARVC). Echocardiography can identify diagnostic features, and guide further testing for a definitive diagnosis. Echographic parameters are involved in risk score computing and prognosis assessment. While the most prevalent hallmark of HCM is the asymmetric left ventricular hypertrophy and systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve with the obstructive phenotype, DCM shows dilated left ventricle with different degrees of systolic dysfunction, and RCM is usually characterized by undilated ventricles associated with atrial enlargement. The aim of this review is to display and compare the most frequent cardiomyopathies encountered in clinical practice and highlight their most characteristic features in a useful way for the practicing clinician.

摘要

心肌病是一种具有挑战性的病理学疾病，超声心动图对其诊断和预后至关重要。最常见的心肌病是扩张型心肌病（DCM）和肥厚型心肌病（HCM），其次是较不常见的限制型心肌病（RCM）和致心律失常性右室心肌病（ARVC）。超声心动图可以识别诊断特征，并指导进一步检查以明确诊断。超声心动图参数参与风险评分计算和预后评估。HCM最常见的特征是不对称性左心室肥厚以及二尖瓣收缩期前向运动伴梗阻表型，而DCM表现为左心室扩张并伴有不同程度的收缩功能障碍，RCM通常以心室未扩张但伴有心房增大为特征。本综述的目的是展示和比较临床实践中最常见的心肌病，并以对临床医生有用的方式突出其最具特征性的特点。

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