Ferrera Armando, Fiorentini Vincenzo, Reale Simone, Solfanelli Giorgio, Tini Giacomo, Barbato Emanuele, Volpe Massimo, Battistoni Allegra
Clinical and Molecular Medicine Department, Sapienza University of Rome, 00198 Rome, Italy.
IRCCS San Raffaele, 00163 Rome, Italy.
Rev Cardiovasc Med. 2023 May 18;24(5):148. doi: 10.31083/j.rcm2405148. eCollection 2023 May.
Chemotherapies have changed the prognosis of patients affected by cancer over the last 20 years, with a significant increase in survival rates. However, they can cause serious adverse effects that may limit their use. In particular, anthracyclines, widely used to treat both hematologic cancers and solid cancers, may cause cardiac toxicity, leading to the development of heart failure in some cases. This review aims to explore current evidence with regards to anthracyclines' cardiotoxicity, with particular focus on the classifications and underlying molecular mechanisms, in order to provide an overview on the current methods of its diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. An attentive approach and a prompt management of patients undergoing treatment with anthracyclines is imperative to avoid preventable antineoplastic drug discontinuation and is conducive to improving both short-term and long-term cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
在过去20年中，化疗改变了癌症患者的预后，生存率显著提高。然而，它们可能会引起严重的不良反应，这可能会限制其使用。特别是，广泛用于治疗血液系统癌症和实体癌的蒽环类药物可能会导致心脏毒性，在某些情况下会导致心力衰竭。本综述旨在探讨关于蒽环类药物心脏毒性的现有证据，特别关注其分类和潜在分子机制，以便概述其目前的诊断、治疗和预防方法。对接受蒽环类药物治疗的患者采取细心的方法并及时进行管理，对于避免可预防的抗肿瘤药物停用至关重要，并且有利于改善短期和长期心血管疾病的发病率和死亡率。
