Kiraly Laszlo, Gulyas Balazs
Paediatric Cardiac Surgery, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, National University Hospital Singapore, 119228 Singapore, Singapore.
Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 119228 Singapore, Singapore.
Rev Cardiovasc Med. 2022 Jun 16;23(6):217. doi: 10.31083/j.rcm2306217. eCollection 2022 Jun.
Aristotle's tripartite concept of man-body, soul and spirit-formed the basis of the Galenic system that distinguished nurturing, vitalizing and animating tributary domains, governed by the liver, heart and brain, respectively. The Gothic cathedral structures into similar tripartite arrangements of nave, choir and sanctuary. We studied whether consistent parallels can be found between the Galenic concept of man, the Galenic heart itself and the structuring of the Gothic cathedral.
Galenic literature along with scholastic texts were reviewed. Examples of Gothic cathedrals were visited and studied in locations. We used medieval analytical tools to compare characteristics of cathedral architecture and contemporary concepts on man and the heart.
Consistent parallels were found between the Galenic system and the structural parts of the Gothic cathedral. The principle of homology, intrinsic to both the Galenic system and Gothic architecture, identified the same tripartite organization in the Galenic heart itself and the segments could be projected onto the cathedral structure. Thus, the physical/nurturing domain was identified with the right ventricle inlet and the nave; the psychological/vitalizing domain corresponded with the right ventricle outlet/interventricular septum and the cathedral's choir; the animating/spiritual domain paralleled with the left ventricle/aortic valve and the sanctuary in the cathedral.
The Aristotelian/Galenic tripartite concept appears consistent with Gothic architecture and both provided a comprehensive view of the world; their relationship stems in a common philosophical and symbolic foundation. The tripartite interpretation was so coherent that it effectively delayed recognition of circulation and the heart's role in it.
亚里士多德关于人的身体、灵魂和精神的三元概念构成了盖伦体系的基础，该体系区分了滋养、赋予活力和赋予生气的支流领域，分别由肝脏、心脏和大脑掌管。哥特式大教堂的结构也呈现出中殿、唱诗班席和圣所的类似三元布局。我们研究了在盖伦的人体概念、盖伦的心脏本身与哥特式大教堂的结构之间是否能找到一致的对应关系。
查阅了盖伦派文献以及学术文本。实地参观并研究了哥特式大教堂的实例。我们运用中世纪的分析工具来比较大教堂建筑的特征以及当时关于人和心脏的概念。
在盖伦体系与哥特式大教堂的结构部分之间发现了一致的对应关系。盖伦体系和哥特式建筑所共有的同源性原则，在盖伦的心脏本身中识别出了相同的三元组织，并且这些部分可以投射到大教堂的结构上。因此，物质/滋养领域与右心室入口和中殿相对应；心理/赋予活力领域与右心室出口/室间隔以及大教堂的唱诗班席相对应；赋予生气/精神领域与左心室/主动脉瓣以及大教堂的圣所相对应。
亚里士多德/盖伦的三元概念似乎与哥特式建筑一致，两者都提供了对世界的全面看法；它们的关系源于共同的哲学和象征基础。这种三元解释非常连贯，以至于有效地延迟了对血液循环及其中心脏作用的认识。
