Crăciun Smaranda, Novac Cristiana Ştefania, Fiţ Nicodim Iosif, Bouari Cosmina Maria, Bel Lucia Victoria, Nadăş George Cosmin
Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
New Companion Animals Veterinary Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Calea Mănăştur 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
Microorganisms. 2025 Mar 13;13(3):653. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms13030653.
This study examined epidemiological aspects of rabbit pathologies, identified bacterial strains, and assessed their antimicrobial resistance, emphasizing rabbits as potential reservoirs for zoonotic multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria and the need for continuous monitoring and antimicrobial stewardship. Samples from rabbits were cultivated and then identified using Vitek 2 and MALDI-TOF. Antimicrobial susceptibility was assessed by disk diffusion testing. This study analyzed 170 individuals with various pathologies, with males (58.24%) outnumbering females (41.76%). Dental abscesses (35.29%) and respiratory infections (28.24%) were most common. Antibiotic exposure was noted in 47.06% of cases, primarily involving trimethoprim (35.56%). Of the total samples, 91.18% tested positive, revealing 200 isolates from 23 bacterial genera, with spp. (31%) and (12%) being most frequently identified as well as species with zoonotic potential, such as , , , , and . Antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed high efficacy for florfenicol (75%), ciprofloxacin (74.12%), and amikacin (68.65%), while significant resistance was found for kanamycin, neomycin, and trimethoprim. Nearly 49% of strains were MDR, with Gram-positive cocci, Enterobacteriaceae, and non-Enterobacteriaceae showing varying resistance, across 18 MDR genera. In conclusion, pet rabbits are potential reservoirs of zoonotic and MDR bacterial species, posing a risk for their owners.
本研究调查了兔类疾病的流行病学特征，鉴定了细菌菌株，并评估了它们的抗菌药物耐药性，强调兔子作为人畜共患多重耐药（MDR）细菌的潜在宿主以及持续监测和抗菌药物管理的必要性。对兔的样本进行培养，然后使用Vitek 2和基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱（MALDI-TOF）进行鉴定。通过纸片扩散法评估抗菌药物敏感性。本研究分析了170只患有各种疾病的兔子，其中雄性（58.24%）多于雌性（41.76%）。牙脓肿（35.29%）和呼吸道感染（28.24%）最为常见。47.06%的病例有抗生素暴露史，主要涉及甲氧苄啶（35.56%）。在所有样本中，91.18%检测呈阳性，共分离出200株来自23个细菌属的菌株，其中 菌属（31%）和 菌属（12%）最为常见，还有具有人畜共患潜力的菌种，如 、 、 、 和 。抗菌药物敏感性测试显示氟苯尼考（75%）、环丙沙星（74.12%）和阿米卡星（68.65%）的疗效较高，而卡那霉素、新霉素和甲氧苄啶则有显著耐药性。近49%的菌株为多重耐药菌，革兰氏阳性球菌、肠杆菌科和非肠杆菌科在18个多重耐药菌属中表现出不同程度的耐药性。总之，宠物兔是人畜共患和多重耐药细菌物种的潜在宿主，对其主人构成风险。
