Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Norway; Department of Social Studies, University of Stavanger, Norway.
Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Norway; Department of Political Science, Aarhus University, Denmark.
Cogn Psychol. 2024 Aug;152:101671. doi: 10.1016/j.cogpsych.2024.101671. Epub 2024 Jul 29.
Research has shown that infants represent legitimate leadership and predict continued obedience to authority, but which cues they use to do so remains unknown. Across eight pre-registered experiments varying the cue provided, we tested if Norwegian 21-month-olds (N=128) expected three protagonists to obey a character even in her absence. We assessed whether bowing for the character, receiving a tribute from or conferring a benefit to the protagonists, imposing a cost on them (forcefully taking a resource or hitting them), or relative physical size were used as cues to generate the expectation of continued obedience that marks legitimate leadership. Whereas bowing sufficed in generating such an expectation, we found positive Bayesian evidence that all the other cues did not. Norwegian infants unlikely have witnessed bowing in their everyday life. Hence, bowing/prostration as cue for continued obedience may form part of an early-developing capacity to represent leadership built by evolution.
研究表明，婴儿代表合法的领导地位，并能预测他们将继续服从权威，但他们使用哪些线索来做出这种预测尚不清楚。在八项预先注册的实验中，我们通过改变提供的线索，测试了 21 个月大的挪威婴儿（N=128）是否期望三个主角即使在不在场的情况下也会服从一个角色。我们评估了向角色鞠躬、从主角那里获得礼物或好处、对他们施加成本（强行拿走资源或打他们），或者相对身体大小是否被用作产生期望主角继续服从的线索，这种期望标志着合法的领导地位。虽然鞠躬足以产生这种期望，但我们发现有积极的贝叶斯证据表明，所有其他线索都没有。挪威婴儿在日常生活中不太可能见过鞠躬。因此，鞠躬/俯身为继续服从的线索可能是一种通过进化形成的代表领导力的早期发展能力的一部分。
