The gut mycobiome signatures in long-lived populations.

Long-lived individuals have been extensively studied as a model to investigate the role of the gut microbiota in aging, but their gut fungi remain almost unexplored. Here, we recruited a community-dwelling cohort of 251 participants (24-108 years, including 47 centenarians) from Guangxi in China to characterize the gut mycobiome signatures. We found gut mycobiome markedly varied during aging and determined aging as a predominant factor driving these variations. For long-lived individuals, core taxa, including and , were maintained and enterotype was enriched when compared with old counterparts. Individuals with this enterotype were more likely to possess enterotype enriched in young and centenarians. Moreover, the drivers from enterotype were positively linked with the bacteria components dominated in enterotype. We also identified potentially beneficial yeasts-enriched features to differentiate long-lived individuals from others. Our findings suggest that the gut mycobiome develops with aging, and long-lived individuals possess unique fungal signatures.