Hornby Odette, Roderique-Davies Gareth, Heirene Robert, Thorkildsen Elin, Bradbury Sophie, Rowlands Iwan, Goodison Egan, Gill Jodie, Shearer David
Faculty of Life Sciences and Education, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, United Kingdom.
School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Front Sports Act Living. 2024 Jul 16;6:1403499. doi: 10.3389/fspor.2024.1403499. eCollection 2024.
Extreme sport participation is growing, yet it is still not clear exactly what motivates individuals to participate in sports where accidents can lead to serious injury or death. The purpose of this systematic review was to review and assess current research and identify the factors that explain engagement in extreme sport participation.
A systematic review of PsycInfo, ProQuest, PsychArticles, SportDiscus and Google Scholar was performed according to PRISMA guidelines. Eligibility criteria were defined to identify studies exploring the factors that explain or are associated with taking part in extreme sports. Articles published in English in peer-reviewed journals were retrieved.
A total of 35 studies met the eligibility criteria. The sample comprised 17 qualitative studies, 12 quantitative studies, 5 case studies and 1 mixed method study. Findings were categorised into five key themes; "" (external reasons for participation, e.g., being in nature), "" (i.e., stable traits that predicted participation e.g., sensation seeking), "" (i.e., one's capability and confidence whilst participating, e.g., self-determination theory), "" (i.e., explanation centred around the desire to take risks e.g., experiential vs. analytical) and "" (i.e., the behavioural response experienced whilst abstaining from/unable to take part in the sport e.g., craving).
There are multiple reasons why individuals participate in extreme sports despite their inherent danger. This review highlights how individuals differing perceptions of risk can impact motivations and therefore the complexity in this area. Potential links between themes and suggestions for future research are also discussed.
极限运动的参与度正在不断提高，但目前仍不清楚究竟是什么因素促使人们参与那些可能导致严重受伤甚至死亡的运动。本系统评价的目的是回顾和评估当前的研究，并确定能够解释人们参与极限运动的因素。
根据PRISMA指南，对PsycInfo、ProQuest、PsychArticles、SportDiscus和谷歌学术进行了系统评价。定义了纳入标准，以识别探索解释或与参与极限运动相关的因素的研究。检索了同行评审期刊上发表的英文文章。
共有35项研究符合纳入标准。样本包括17项定性研究、12项定量研究、5项案例研究和1项混合方法研究。研究结果分为五个关键主题：“”（参与的外部原因，例如身处自然环境）、“”（即预测参与度的稳定特质，例如寻求刺激）、“”（即参与过程中的个人能力和信心，例如自我决定理论）、“”（即围绕冒险欲望的解释，例如体验性与分析性）和“”（即停止参与/无法参与该运动时所经历的行为反应，例如渴望）。
尽管极限运动存在固有危险，但人们参与其中的原因多种多样。本评价强调了个体对风险的不同认知如何影响动机，进而凸显了该领域的复杂性。还讨论了各主题之间的潜在联系以及对未来研究的建议。
