Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, Australia.
Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, Australia.
J Sport Health Sci. 2020 Dec;9(6):530-541. doi: 10.1016/j.jshs.2019.11.003. Epub 2019 Nov 27.
Despite the known contribution of sport to health and well-being, sport participation declines in older age. However, for some people, sport continues to play an important role in older age and may contribute to improved health and well-being in older years. Although the health-related benefits of participating in sport are commonly reported, the reasons why some older adults continue to play sport are not well understood. This systematic review aimed to (1) identify studies from the literature that evaluated the reasons why older adults (aged 55 years and older) participate in sport and (2) synthesize and discuss the reasons for their participation reported in the literature.
Searches of the electronic databases Embase, Medline, PsycInfo, PubMed, and SPORTDiscus were performed. Studies were included that evaluated reasons for sport participation in adults aged 55 years and older because this is the age at which sport participation has been reported to begin declining. The studies included in this review used qualitative, quantitative, or mixed methods designs, were peer reviewed, and were published in the English language before the search date (20 January 2019).
A total of 1732 studies were identified. After exclusions, 30 studies were included in the review (16 qualitative, 10 quantitative, and 4 mixed methods). The review presents several features and findings from the studies, including a description and systematization of the reasons for participating in sport and the main reasons that participants gave for participating in sport (maintaining health, feeling and being part of a community, and taking advantage of opportunities to develop relationships). Other reasons included competing and attaining a feeling of achievement, taking advantage of opportunities for travel, and being part of a team. Sport was identified as contributing to the overall experience of successful ageing. There were few comparative differences for participating in sport, and there were only small differences between genders for the reasons given for participation. Generally, the quality of the studies was good; however, mixed methods studies lacked appropriate data analysis procedures.
Older adults play sport for a range of health-related and social reasons that can contribute to the experience of successful ageing. Strategies to increase sport participation by older adults should focus on promoting these aspects.
尽管运动对健康和幸福感有已知的贡献，但运动参与在老年时会下降。然而，对于一些人来说，运动在老年时仍然扮演着重要的角色，并可能有助于改善老年时的健康和幸福感。尽管参与运动的健康益处通常被报道，但人们对为什么有些老年人继续运动的原因还不太了解。本系统评价旨在：（1）从文献中识别评估 55 岁及以上老年人参与运动的原因的研究；（2）综合和讨论文献中报告的参与运动的原因。
对电子数据库 Embase、Medline、PsycInfo、PubMed 和 SPORTDiscus 进行了检索。纳入评估 55 岁及以上成年人运动参与原因的研究，因为据报道，这个年龄段的运动参与开始下降。本综述中纳入的研究使用了定性、定量或混合方法设计，经过同行评审，并在搜索日期（2019 年 1 月 20 日）之前以英文发表。
共确定了 1732 项研究。排除后，有 30 项研究纳入了综述（16 项定性研究、10 项定量研究和 4 项混合方法研究）。本综述介绍了这些研究的一些特征和发现，包括对参与运动的原因的描述和系统化，以及参与者参与运动的主要原因（保持健康、感觉和成为社区的一部分、利用发展关系的机会）。其他原因包括竞争和获得成就感、利用旅行机会以及成为团队的一部分。运动被认为有助于成功老龄化的整体体验。参与运动的原因没有明显的差异，而且男女之间的差异也很小。总体而言，研究的质量较好；但是，混合方法研究缺乏适当的数据分析程序。
老年人出于一系列与健康相关的和社会的原因而参与运动，这些原因有助于成功老龄化的体验。增加老年人运动参与的策略应该侧重于促进这些方面。
