Tofler Ian R, Hyatt Brandon M, Tofler David S
Child Psychiatrist at the West Los Angeles Medical Center in CA, an Assistant Professor in the Department of Psychiatry at the University of California, Los Angeles, and Vice President of the International Society for Sports Psychiatry.
Therapist in the Department of Psychiatry at the Wateridge Medical Offices in Los Angeles, CA.
Perm J. 2018;22:17-071. doi: 10.7812/TPP/17-071.
Extreme sports, defined as sporting or adventure activities involving a high degree of risk, have boomed since the 1990s. These types of sports attract men and women who can experience a life-affirming transcendence or "flow" as they participate in dangerous activities. Extreme sports also may attract people with a genetic predisposition for risk, risk-seeking personality traits, or underlying psychiatric disorders in which impulsivity and risk taking are integral to the underlying problem. In this report, we attempt to illustrate through case histories the motivations that lead people to repeatedly risk their lives and explore psychiatry's role in extreme sports. A sports psychiatrist can help with therapeutic management, neuromodulation of any comorbid psychiatric diagnosis, and performance enhancement (eg, risk minimization) to cultivate improved judgment which could include identifying alternative safer recreational options. Because flirting with death is critical to the extreme sports ethos, practitioners must gain further understanding of this field and its at-risk participants.
极限运动被定义为涉及高度风险的体育或冒险活动，自20世纪90年代以来蓬勃发展。这类运动吸引了男性和女性，他们在参与危险活动时能够体验到一种肯定生命的超越感或“心流”。极限运动也可能吸引那些具有冒险基因倾向、寻求冒险的人格特质或潜在精神障碍的人，在这些潜在问题中，冲动和冒险是不可或缺的。在本报告中，我们试图通过病例史来说明促使人们反复冒生命危险的动机，并探讨精神病学在极限运动中的作用。运动精神科医生可以帮助进行治疗管理、对任何合并的精神疾病诊断进行神经调节以及提高运动表现（如将风险降至最低），以培养更好的判断力，这可能包括识别其他更安全的娱乐选择。由于与死亡擦边对极限运动精神至关重要，从业者必须进一步了解这个领域及其高危参与者。
