Chen Xue, Xiao Jun, Zhao Wanzhu, Li Yanan, Zhao Wei, Zhang Weigang, Xin Liang, Han Zhiyi, Wang Lanhui, Aschalew Natnael Demelash, Zhang Xuefeng, Wang Tao, Qin Guixin, Sun Zhe, Zhen Yuguo
Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Jilin Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Production Product Quality and Security Ministry of Education, JLAU-Borui Dairy Science and Technology R&D Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.
Postdoctoral Scientific Research Workstation, Feed Engineering Technology Research Center of Jilin Province, Changchun Borui Science and Technology Co., Ltd., Changchun, China.
Front Microbiol. 2024 Jul 16;15:1407024. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1407024. eCollection 2024.
Yeast culture (YC) enhances ruminant performance, but its functional mechanism remains unclear because of the complex composition of YC and the uncertain substances affecting rumen fermentation. The objective of this study was to determine the composition of effective metabolites in YC by exploring its effects on rumen fermentation , growth and slaughter performance, serum index, rumen fermentation parameters, rumen microorganisms, and metabolites in lambs.
In Trial 1, various YCs were successfully produced, providing raw materials for identifying effective metabolites. The experiment was divided into 5 treatment groups with 5 replicates in each group: the control group (basal diet without additives) and YC groups were supplemented with 0.625‰ of four different yeast cultures, respectively (groups A, B, C, and D). Rumen fermentation parameters were determined at 3, 6, 12, and 24 h A univariate regression model multiple factor associative effects index (MFAEI; y) was established to correlate the most influential factors on rumen fermentation with YC metabolites (x). This identified the metabolites promoting rumen fermentation and optimal YC substance levels. In Trial 2, metabolites in YC not positively correlated with MFAEI were excluded, and effective substances were combined with pure chemicals (M group). This experiment validated the effectiveness of YC metabolites in lamb production based on their impact on growth, slaughter performance, serum indices, rumen parameters, microorganisms, and metabolites. Thirty cross-generation rams (Small tail Han-yang ♀ × Australian white sheep ♂) with good body condition and similar body weight were divided into three treatment groups with 10 replicates in each group: control group, YC group, pure chemicals combination group (M group).
Growth performance and serum index were measured on days 30 and 60, and slaughter performance, rumen fermentation parameters, microorganisms, and metabolites were measured on day 60. The M group significantly increased the dressing percentage, and significantly decreased the GR values of lambs ( < 0.05). The concentration of growth hormone (GH), Cortisol, insulin (INS), and rumen VFA in the M group significantly increased ( < 0.05).
These experiments confirmed that YC or its screened effective metabolites positively impact lamb slaughter performance, rumen fermentation, and microbial metabolism.
酵母培养物（YC）可提高反刍动物的生产性能，但其功能机制尚不清楚，这是因为YC的成分复杂，且影响瘤胃发酵的物质尚不明确。本研究的目的是通过探究YC对羔羊瘤胃发酵、生长和屠宰性能、血清指标、瘤胃发酵参数、瘤胃微生物及代谢产物的影响，来确定YC中有效代谢产物的组成。
在试验1中，成功制备了多种YC，为鉴定有效代谢产物提供了原料。试验分为5个处理组，每组5个重复：对照组（基础日粮，不添加添加剂）和YC组分别添加0.625‰的4种不同酵母培养物（A组、B组、C组和D组）。在3、6、12和24小时测定瘤胃发酵参数。建立单变量回归模型多因素关联效应指数（MFAEI；y），将对瘤胃发酵影响最大的因素与YC代谢产物（x）相关联。由此确定促进瘤胃发酵的代谢产物及YC物质的最佳水平。在试验2中，排除与MFAEI无正相关的YC代谢产物，将有效物质与纯化学品组合（M组）。本试验基于YC代谢产物对羔羊生长、屠宰性能、血清指标、瘤胃参数、微生物及代谢产物的影响，验证了其在羔羊生产中的有效性。选用30只体况良好、体重相近的杂交一代公羊（小尾寒羊♀×澳洲白羊♂），分为3个处理组，每组10个重复：对照组、YC组、纯化学品组合组（M组）。
在第30天和第60天测定生长性能和血清指标，在第60天测定屠宰性能、瘤胃发酵参数、微生物及代谢产物。M组显著提高了羔羊的屠宰率，显著降低了GR值（P<0.05）。M组生长激素（GH）、皮质醇、胰岛素（INS）浓度及瘤胃挥发性脂肪酸（VFA）显著升高（P<0.05）。
这些试验证实，YC或其筛选出的有效代谢产物对羔羊屠宰性能、瘤胃发酵及微生物代谢具有积极影响。
