Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33511, Egypt.
Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia.
J Vet Sci. 2024 Jul;25(4):e56. doi: 10.4142/jvs.23270.
Canine parvovirus enteritis (CPE) is a contagious viral disease of dogs caused by the canine parvovirus-2 (CPV-2) associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. CPV-2 has a high global evolutionary rate. Molecular characterization of CPV-2 and understanding its epidemiology are essential for controlling CPV-2 infections.
This study examined the risk factors and survival outcomes of dogs infected with CPV-2. Molecular characterization of CPV-2 genotypes circulating in Egypt was performed to determine the evolution of CPV-2 nationally and globally.
An age-matched case-control study was conducted on 47 control and 47 CPV-infected dogs. Conditional logistic regression analysis examined the association between the potential risk factors and CPE in dogs. Survival analysis was performed to determine the survival pattern of the infected dogs. Thirteen fecal samples from infected dogs were collected to confirm the CPV genotype by CPV-2 VP2 gene sequencing, assembly of nucleotide sequences, and phylogenic analysis.
Unvaccinated and roamer dogs had eight and 2.3 times higher risks of CPV infection than vaccinated dogs and non-roamer dogs, respectively. The risk of death from CPE was high among dogs without routine visits to veterinary clinics and among non-roamer dogs. Molecular characterization of CPV-2 confirmed its genotype identity and relationship with the CPV-2 c and b clade types.
This study highlights the potential factors for CPE control, especially vaccination and preventing dogs from roaming freely outside houses. Isolated CPV genotypes are closely related to southern Asian genotypes, suggesting a substantial opportunity for global transmission.
犬细小病毒肠炎（CPE）是一种由犬细小病毒-2（CPV-2）引起的犬传染性病毒性疾病，具有高发病率和死亡率。CPV-2 在全球具有很高的进化率。对 CPV-2 的分子特征进行分析并了解其流行病学对于控制 CPV-2 感染至关重要。
本研究检测了感染 CPV-2 的犬的危险因素和生存结果。对埃及流行的 CPV-2 基因型进行分子特征分析，以确定 CPV-2 在全国和全球的进化情况。
对 47 只对照犬和 47 只 CPV 感染犬进行了年龄匹配的病例对照研究。条件逻辑回归分析检测了潜在危险因素与犬 CPE 之间的关联。进行生存分析以确定感染犬的生存模式。从感染犬中收集了 13 份粪便样本，通过 CPV-2 VP2 基因测序、核苷酸序列组装和系统发育分析来确认 CPV 基因型。
未接种疫苗和流浪犬感染 CPV 的风险分别是接种疫苗和非流浪犬的 8 倍和 2.3 倍。未定期到兽医诊所就诊的犬和非流浪犬死于 CPE 的风险较高。CPV-2 的分子特征确认了其基因型身份及其与 CPV-2 c 和 b 分支类型的关系。
本研究强调了控制 CPE 的潜在因素，特别是疫苗接种和防止犬在屋外自由游荡。分离的 CPV 基因型与南亚基因型密切相关，这表明存在大量的全球传播机会。
