Giresun University, Faculty of Science and Art, Department of Biology, 28049 Giresun, Türkiye.
Giresun University, Şebinkarahisar School of Applied Sciences, Department of Food Technology, 28400 Giresun, Türkiye.
Pestic Biochem Physiol. 2024 Aug;203:105997. doi: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.105997. Epub 2024 Jun 22.
In this study, the toxicity of the pesticide cypermethrin and the protective properties of royal jelly against this toxicity were investigated using Allium cepa L., a model organism. Toxicity was evaluated using 6 mg/L cypermethrin, while royal jelly (250 mg/L and 500 mg/L) was used in combination with cypermethrin to test the protective effect. To comprehend toxicity and protective impact, growth, genotoxicity, biochemical, comet assay and anatomical parameters were employed. Royal jelly had no harmful effects when applied alone. On the other hand, following exposure to cypermethrin, there was a reduction in weight increase, root elongation, rooting percentage, mitotic index (MI), and chlorophyll a and b. Cypermethrin elevated the frequencies of micronucleus (MN) and chromosomal aberrations (CAs), levels of proline and malondialdehyde (MDA), and the activity rates of the enzymes catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). A spectral change in the DNA spectrum indicated that the interaction of cypermethrin with DNA was one of the reasons for its genotoxicity, and molecular docking investigations suggested that tubulins, histones, and topoisomerases might also interact with this pesticide. Cypermethrin also triggered some critical meristematic cell damage in the root tissue. At the same time, DNA tail results obtained from the comet assay revealed that cypermethrin caused DNA fragmentation. When royal jelly was applied together with cypermethrin, all negatively affected parameters due to the toxicity of cypermethrin were substantially restored. However, even at the maximum studied dose of 500 mg/L of royal jelly, this restoration did not reach the levels of the control group. Thus, the toxicity of cypermethrin and the protective function of royal jelly against this toxicity in A. cepa, the model organism studied, were determined by using many different approaches. Royal jelly is a reliable, well-known and easily accessible protective functional food candidate against the harmful effects of hazardous substances such as pesticides.
在这项研究中，使用洋葱（Allium cepa L.）作为模式生物，研究了杀虫剂氯菊酯的毒性以及蜂王浆对这种毒性的保护作用。使用 6mg/L 的氯菊酯评估毒性，同时将蜂王浆（250mg/L 和 500mg/L）与氯菊酯一起使用以测试保护作用。为了理解毒性和保护影响，使用了生长、遗传毒性、生化、彗星试验和解剖学参数。蜂王浆单独使用时没有不良影响。另一方面，暴露于氯菊酯后，体重增加、根伸长、生根率、有丝分裂指数（MI）以及叶绿素 a 和 b 减少。氯菊酯增加了微核（MN）和染色体畸变（CA）的频率、脯氨酸和丙二醛（MDA）的水平、以及过氧化氢酶（CAT）和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）的活性。DNA 光谱的光谱变化表明，氯菊酯与 DNA 的相互作用是其遗传毒性的原因之一，分子对接研究表明，微管蛋白、组蛋白和拓扑异构酶也可能与这种农药相互作用。氯菊酯还导致根尖组织中一些关键的分生细胞受损。同时，彗星试验获得的 DNA 尾部结果表明，氯菊酯导致 DNA 片段化。当蜂王浆与氯菊酯一起使用时，由于氯菊酯的毒性而受到负面影响的所有参数都得到了很大程度的恢复。然而，即使在研究的最大剂量 500mg/L 的蜂王浆下，这种恢复也没有达到对照组的水平。因此，通过使用多种不同的方法，确定了在模式生物洋葱中氯菊酯的毒性和蜂王浆对这种毒性的保护作用。蜂王浆是一种可靠、知名且易于获得的保护性功能性食品候选物，可对抗危险物质（如农药）的有害影响。
