Plant Breeding Department, Nº 25, CEBAS-CSIC, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
Plant Biochemistry Section, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen.
Curr Opin Plant Biol. 2024 Oct;81:102608. doi: 10.1016/j.pbi.2024.102608. Epub 2024 Jul 31.
Cyanogenic glycosides are α-hydroxynitrile glucosides present in approximately 3000 different plant species. Upon tissue disruption, cyanogenic glycosides are hydrolyzed to release toxic hydrogen cyanide as a means of chemical defense. Over 100 different cyanogenic glycosides have been reported, with structural diversity dependent on the precursor amino acid, and subsequent modifications. Cyanogenic glycosides represent a prime example of sporadic metabolite evolution, with the metabolic trait arising multiple times throughout the plant lineage as evidenced by recruitment of different enzyme families for biosynthesis. Here, we review the latest developments within cyanogenic glycoside biosynthesis, and argue possible factors driving sporadic evolution including shared intermediates and crossovers with other metabolic pathways crossovers, and metabolite multifunctionality beyond chemical defense.
氰苷是存在于大约 3000 种不同植物物种中的α-羟腈葡萄糖苷。当组织受到破坏时，氰苷会被水解，释放出有毒的氰化氢，作为一种化学防御手段。据报道，已有超过 100 种不同的氰苷，其结构多样性取决于前体氨基酸，以及随后的修饰。氰苷代表了散在代谢物进化的一个主要例子，代谢特征在植物谱系中多次出现，这是由不同的酶家族参与生物合成的招募所证明的。在这里，我们综述了氰苷生物合成的最新进展，并提出了可能导致散在进化的因素，包括共同的中间产物和与其他代谢途径的交叉，以及除了化学防御之外的代谢物多功能性。
