Yu David J, Shin Hoon C, Olivier Tomás, Garcia Margaret, Meerow Sara, Park Jeryang
Lyles School of Civil Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA.
Department of Political Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA.
Risk Anal. 2025 Feb;45(2):356-375. doi: 10.1111/risa.16555. Epub 2024 Aug 1.
A useful theoretical lens that has emerged for understanding urban resilience is the four basic types of interdependencies in critical infrastructures: the physical, geographic, cyber, and logical types. This paper is motivated by a conceptual and methodological limitation-although logical interdependencies (where two infrastructures affect the state of each other via human decisions) are regarded as one of the basic types of interdependencies, the question of how to apply the notion and how to quantify logical relations remains under-explored. To overcome this limitation, this study focuses on institutions (rules), for example, rules and planned tasks guiding human interactions with one another and infrastructure. Such rule-mediated interactions, when linguistically expressed, have a syntactic form that can be translated into a network form. We provide a foundation to delineate these two forms to detect logical interdependence. Specifically, we propose an approach to quantify logical interdependence based on the idea that (1) there are certain network motifs indicating logical relations, (2) such network motifs can be discerned from the network form of rules, and that (3) the higher the frequency of these motifs between two infrastructures, the greater the extent of logical interdependency. We develop a set of such motifs and illustrate their usage using an example. We conclude by suggesting a revision to the original definition of logical interdependence. This rule-focused approach is relevant to understanding human error in risk analysis of socio-technical systems, as human error can be seen as deviations from constraints that lead to accidents.
物理、地理、网络和逻辑类型。本文的动机源于一个概念和方法上的局限性——尽管逻辑相互依存关系（即两个基础设施通过人类决策相互影响彼此的状态）被视为基本相互依存类型之一，但如何应用这一概念以及如何量化逻辑关系的问题仍未得到充分探索。为了克服这一局限性，本研究聚焦于制度（规则），例如，指导人类彼此之间以及与基础设施互动的规则和计划任务。这种由规则介导的互动，在语言表达时，具有一种可以转化为网络形式的句法形式。我们为描绘这两种形式以检测逻辑相互依存关系提供了一个基础。具体而言，我们基于以下观点提出一种量化逻辑相互依存关系的方法：（1）存在某些表明逻辑关系的网络基序；（2）这种网络基序可以从规则的网络形式中辨别出来；（3）两个基础设施之间这些基序的出现频率越高，逻辑相互依存的程度就越大。我们开发了一组这样的基序，并通过一个例子说明它们的用法。我们通过建议对逻辑相互依存关系的原始定义进行修订来得出结论。这种以规则为重点的方法与理解社会技术系统风险分析中的人为错误相关，因为人为错误可以被视为导致事故的与约束条件的偏差。
