Biomass Transportation Cluster, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, George Town, Penang, Malaysia.
Bioprocess Engineering Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, George Town, Penang, Malaysia.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2024 Aug;31(38):50443-50463. doi: 10.1007/s11356-024-34461-w. Epub 2024 Aug 2.
Improper disposal of municipal solid waste led to the release of heavy metals into the environment through leachate accumulation, causing a range of health and environmental problems. Phycoremediation, using microalgae to remove heavy metals from contaminated water, was investigated as a promising alternative to traditional remediation methods. This study explored the potential of Scenedesmus sp. as a phycoremediation agent for heavy metal removal from landfill leachate. The study was conducted in batch, continuous, and membrane bioreactor (MBR). In the batch system, Scenedesmus sp. was added to the leachate and incubated for 15 days before the biomass was separated from the suspension. In the continuous system, Scenedesmus sp. was cultured in a flow-through system, and the leachate was continuously fed into the system with flow rates measured at 120, 150, and 180 mL/h for 27 days. The MBR system was similar to the continuous system, but it incorporated a membrane filtration step to remove suspended solids from the treated water. The peristaltic pump was calibrated to operate at five different flow rates: 0.24 L/h, 0.30 L/h, 0.36 L/h, 0.42 L/h, and 0.48 L/h for the MBR system and ran for 24 h. The results showed that Scenedesmus sp. was effective in removing heavy metals such as lead (Pb), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), and zinc (Zn) from landfill leachate in all three systems. The highest removal efficiency was observed for Ni, with a removal of 0.083 mg/L in the MBR and 0.068 mg/L in batch mode. The lowest removal efficiency was observed for Zn, with a removal of 0.032 mg/L in the MBR, 0.027 mg/L in continuous mode, and 0.022 mg/L in batch mode. The findings depicted that the adsorption capacity varied among the studied metal ions, with the highest capacity observed for Ni (II) and the lowest for Zn (II), reflecting differences in metal speciation, surface charge interactions, and affinity for the adsorbent material. These factors influenced the adsorption process and resulted in varying adsorption capacities for different metal ions. The study also evaluated the biomass growth of Scenedesmus sp. and found that it was significantly influenced by the initial metal concentration in the leachate. The results of this study suggest that Scenedesmus sp. can be used as an effective phycoremediation agent for removing heavy metals from landfill leachate.
不当的城市固体废物处理方式导致重金属通过渗滤液积累释放到环境中，从而引发了一系列健康和环境问题。利用微藻从受污染的水中去除重金属的藻修复技术，被认为是一种有前途的传统修复方法替代方案。本研究探讨了利用小球藻（Scenedesmus sp.）作为从垃圾渗滤液中去除重金属的藻修复剂的潜力。该研究在批处理、连续和膜生物反应器（MBR）系统中进行。在批处理系统中，将小球藻加入渗滤液中，在 15 天的时间里进行培养，然后将生物质从悬浮液中分离出来。在连续系统中，小球藻在流动系统中进行培养，渗滤液以 120、150 和 180 mL/h 的流速连续进料，连续运行 27 天。MBR 系统与连续系统相似，但它采用了膜过滤步骤，从处理水中去除悬浮固体。蠕动泵经过校准，可在 0.24、0.30、0.36、0.42 和 0.48 L/h 等五个不同的流速下运行，连续运行 24 小时。结果表明，小球藻在三种系统中均能有效去除垃圾渗滤液中的重金属，如铅（Pb）、钴（Co）、铬（Cr）、镍（Ni）和锌（Zn）。对 Ni 的去除效率最高，MBR 中为 0.083 mg/L，批处理中为 0.068 mg/L。对 Zn 的去除效率最低，MBR 中为 0.032 mg/L，连续运行中为 0.027 mg/L，批处理中为 0.022 mg/L。结果表明，吸附容量因所研究的金属离子而异，Ni（II）的吸附容量最高，Zn（II）的吸附容量最低，这反映了金属形态、表面电荷相互作用和对吸附剂材料的亲和力等因素的差异。这些因素影响了吸附过程，导致不同金属离子的吸附容量不同。本研究还评估了小球藻的生物量生长情况，发现其受到渗滤液中初始金属浓度的显著影响。本研究结果表明，小球藻可作为一种有效的藻修复剂，用于从垃圾渗滤液中去除重金属。
