School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.
Population Health Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia.
J Occup Health. 2024 Jan 4;66(1). doi: 10.1093/joccuh/uiae044.
Workplaces are an important setting to deliver programs to reduce risk factors for noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). To help decision makers understand the most current and relevant evidence regarding effectiveness of workplace programs, we conducted an umbrella review to present a comprehensive synthesis of the large volume of literature.
Systematic reviews of workplace interventions targeting primary risk factors for NCDs-unhealthy diet, insufficient physical activity, overweight/obesity, tobacco use, and/or excessive alcohol use-published since 2010 were sourced. For each risk factor, reviews were categorized by intervention type and quality. The most recent, high-quality review was included for each intervention type. Evidence for the effectiveness of each intervention type was then broadly classified based on the review summary findings.
Twenty-one reviews were included. Most reviews focused on diet (n = 5), physical activity (n = 7), or obesity (n = 9) interventions, with fewer targeting alcohol (n = 2) or tobacco (n = 2) use. Reviews of interventions focusing on individual behavior (such as education or counseling) were most common. Across diet, obesity, physical activity, and tobacco use, multicomponent interventions were consistently likely to be classified as "likely effective." Motivational interviewing and broad health promotion interventions were identified as "promising" for alcohol use.
This umbrella review identified that multicomponent workplace interventions were effective to reduce NCD risk factors. There is a gap around interventions targeting alcohol use as most syntheses lacked enough studies to draw conclusions about effectiveness. Exploring the impact of interventions that utilize policy and/or environmental strategies is a critical gap for future research.
工作场所是提供项目以减少非传染性疾病（NCD）风险因素的重要场所。为了帮助决策者了解有关工作场所计划有效性的最新和最相关证据，我们进行了伞式审查，以全面综合大量文献。
系统地搜索了针对 NCD 主要危险因素（不健康饮食、体力活动不足、超重/肥胖、烟草使用和/或过度饮酒）的工作场所干预措施的系统评价，这些评价是自 2010 年以来发表的。对于每种危险因素，根据干预类型和质量对评论进行分类。对于每种干预类型，都纳入了最新的高质量评论。然后根据综述摘要的结果，将每种干预类型的有效性证据进行广泛分类。
共纳入 21 项综述。大多数综述都集中在饮食（n=5）、体力活动（n=7）或肥胖（n=9）干预措施上，而针对酒精（n=2）或烟草（n=2）使用的综述较少。针对个人行为（如教育或咨询）的干预措施的综述最为常见。在饮食、肥胖、体力活动和烟草使用方面，多组分干预措施始终被归类为“可能有效”。动机性访谈和广泛的健康促进干预措施被确定为“有希望”的酒精使用。
这项伞式综述确定了多组分工作场所干预措施可有效降低 NCD 风险因素。针对酒精使用的干预措施存在差距，因为大多数综合研究缺乏足够的研究来得出关于有效性的结论。探索利用政策和/或环境策略的干预措施的影响是未来研究的一个关键差距。
