Faculty of Forestry, Department of Ecological Engineering and Forest Hydrology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, al. Mickiewicza 21, 31-120, Krakow, Poland.
Environ Monit Assess. 2024 Aug 3;196(9):780. doi: 10.1007/s10661-024-12933-3.
The biogeochemical cycles of trace elements are changed by fire as a result of the mineralization of organic matter. Monitoring the accumulation of trace elements in both the environment and the tree biomass during the post-fire (PF) forest ecosystem regeneration process is important for tree species selection for reforestation in ecosystems under anthropogenic pressure. We analyzed the soil concentrations of different groups of potentially toxic elements (PTEs), including beneficial (Al), toxic (Cd, Cr, Pb), and microelements (Cu, Mn, Ni, Zn), and their bioaccumulation in the tree species (Pinus sylvestris, Betula pendula, Alnus glutinosa) biomass introduced after a fire in a forest weakened by long-term emissions of industrial pollutants. The results indicated no direct threat from the PTEs tested at the PF site. The tree species introduced 30 years ago may have modified the biogeochemical cycles of the PTEs through different strategies of bioaccumulation in the belowground and aboveground biomass. Alder had relatively high Al concentrations in the roots and a low translocation factor (TF). Pine and birch had lower Al concentrations in the roots and higher TFs. Foliage concentrations and the TF of Cd increased from alder to pine to birch. However, the highest concentration and bioaccumulation factor of Cd was found in the alder roots. The concentrations of Cr in the foliage and the Cr TFs in the studied species increased from pine to birch to alder. Higher concentrations of Cu and Ni were found in the foliage of birch and alder than of pine. Among the species, birch also had the highest Pb and Zn concentrations in the roots and foliage. We found that different tree species had different patterns of PTE phytostabilization and ways they incorporated these elements into the biological cycle, and these patterns were not dependent on fire disturbance. This suggests that similar patterns might also occur in more polluted soils. Therefore, species-dependent bioaccumulation patterns could also be used to design phytostabilization and remediation treatments for polluted sites under industrial pressure.
微量元素的生物地球化学循环因有机质的矿化而被火灾改变。监测火后（PF）森林生态系统再生过程中环境和树木生物量中痕量元素的积累，对于在人为压力下的生态系统中选择用于造林的树种很重要。我们分析了不同组别的潜在有毒元素（PTE）在土壤中的浓度，包括有益元素（Al）、有毒元素（Cd、Cr、Pb）和微量元素（Cu、Mn、Ni、Zn），以及它们在引入火灾后森林中的树种（欧洲赤松、欧洲白桦、桤木）生物量中的生物累积。结果表明，在 PF 地点没有直接受到测试 PTE 的威胁。30 年前引入的树种可能通过在地下和地上生物量中不同的生物累积策略来改变 PTE 的生物地球化学循环。桤木的根中 Al 浓度相对较高，转移因子（TF）较低。松树和桦树的根中 Al 浓度较低，TF 较高。叶片浓度和 Cd 的 TF 从桤木到松树到桦木增加。然而，Cd 的最高浓度和生物累积因子却出现在桤木的根中。叶片中的 Cr 浓度和研究物种的 Cr TF 从松树到桦树到桤木增加。桦树和桤木的叶片中的 Cu 和 Ni 浓度高于松树。在这些物种中，桦树和桤木的根和叶片中的 Pb 和 Zn 浓度也最高。我们发现，不同的树种对 PTE 的植物稳定化具有不同的模式，以及它们将这些元素纳入生物循环的方式，这些模式不受火灾干扰的影响。这表明类似的模式也可能出现在污染更严重的土壤中。因此，依赖于物种的生物累积模式也可以用于设计在工业压力下受污染场地的植物稳定化和修复处理。
