School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recovery, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China.
State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China.
Water Res. 2024 Oct 1;263:122170. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.122170. Epub 2024 Jul 28.
There have been growing concerns regarding the health and environmental impacts of trace organic pollutants (TOPs). However, fresh leachate from municipal solid waste (MSW) has been overlooked as a potential reservoir of TOPs. Therefore, we investigated 90 legacy and emerging TOPs in fresh leachate from 14 provinces and municipalities in China. Additionally, the fate and final discharge impacts of TOPs in 14 leachate treatment systems were analyzed. The results revealed that the detection rate of 90 TOPs was over 50 % in all samples. Notably, polychlorinated biphenyls, banned for 40 years, were frequently detected in fresh leachate. The concentration of pseudo-persistent TOPs (10-10 ng/L) is significantly higher than that of persistent TOPs (10-10 ng/L). Spatial distribution patterns of TOPs in fresh leachate suggest that economy, population, climate, and policies impact TOPs discharge from MSW. For example, economically developed and densely populated areas displayed higher TOPs concentrations, whereas warmer climates facilitate TOPs leaching from MSW. We confirmed that waste classification policies were a key driver of the decline in multiple TOPs in leachate. Mass balance analysis shows that the final effluent and sludge from current dominant leachate treatment systems contain refractory TOPs, especially perfluoroalkyl acids, which must be prioritized for control. This paper was the first comprehensive investigation of multiple TOPs in fresh leachate at a large geographic scale. The factors affecting the occurrence, spatial distribution, and fate of TOPs in fresh leachate were revealed. It provides a valuable reference for the establishment of policies for the management of TOPs in MSW and the associated leachate.
人们对痕量有机污染物 (TOPs) 的健康和环境影响越来越关注。然而，城市固体废物 (MSW) 的新鲜渗滤液一直被忽视为 TOPs 的潜在来源。因此，我们调查了中国 14 个省和直辖市的新鲜渗滤液中的 90 种传统和新兴 TOPs。此外，还分析了 14 种渗滤液处理系统中 TOPs 的命运和最终排放影响。结果表明，所有样品中 90 种 TOPs 的检出率均超过 50%。值得注意的是，已被禁用 40 年的多氯联苯在新鲜渗滤液中频繁检出。假持久性 TOPs（10-10 ng/L）的浓度明显高于持久性 TOPs（10-10 ng/L）。新鲜渗滤液中 TOPs 的空间分布模式表明，经济、人口、气候和政策影响 MSW 中 TOPs 的排放。例如，经济发达和人口稠密的地区显示出更高的 TOPs 浓度，而较温暖的气候有利于 TOPs 从 MSW 中浸出。我们证实，垃圾分类政策是渗滤液中多种 TOPs 下降的关键驱动因素。质量平衡分析表明，当前主流渗滤液处理系统的最终出水和污泥中含有难处理的 TOPs，特别是全氟烷基酸，必须优先加以控制。本文首次在较大的地理范围内对新鲜渗滤液中的多种 TOPs 进行了全面调查。揭示了影响新鲜渗滤液中 TOPs 发生、空间分布和命运的因素。为建立 MSW 中 TOPs 管理政策和相关渗滤液的管理政策提供了有价值的参考。
