Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, 6 Yothi Street, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
Department of Community Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
BMC Oral Health. 2024 Aug 3;24(1):889. doi: 10.1186/s12903-024-04598-8.
Increase in nicotine pouch (NP) users, particularly among the young, is a matter of concern requiring a comprehensive understanding of its short- and long-term oral health implications. The objective of this research was to systematically review potential oral side-effects associated with NP usage.
This systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines. Databases (Medline via PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Trial, and Google Scholar) were searched for relevant studies up to February 2024. Modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) and the Risk Of Bias In Non-randomized Studies - of Exposure (ROBINS-E) tool were used to assess the quality and bias of the included studies.
Three studies were included for this review, two from Europe and one from USA, and considered of a total of 190 participants. All studies were deemed to have a high risk of bias. Participants used NP for periods ranging from 1 month to 10 years. Among these studies, only one study provided information on the usage pattern between 1 and 5 units for an average of 11 ± 7 min per session. Oral mucosal changes at the site of placement were common among NP users. Oral lesions varied from slight wrinkling to various white lesions, seemingly related to the NP units consumed per day and their duration of usage. Other oral side effects included dry mouth, soreness, gingival blisters, and a strange jaw sensation.
Research on the use of NP and its effect on oral health are currently limited. The use of NP should take into consideration the short-and-long-term effects, especially on oral health. Further studies are crucial to understand oral health implications associated with NP usage.
PROSPERO Registration number CRD 42,024,500,711.
尼古丁袋（NP）使用者的增加，尤其是在年轻人中，是一个令人关注的问题，需要全面了解其对短期和长期口腔健康的影响。本研究的目的是系统审查 NP 使用相关的潜在口腔副作用。
本系统综述按照 PRISMA 指南进行。检索了数据库（Medline 通过 PubMed、Scopus、Cochrane 试验和 Google Scholar），以获取截至 2024 年 2 月的相关研究。使用改良的 Newcastle-Ottawa 量表（NOS）和非随机研究暴露的偏倚风险（ROBINS-E）工具评估纳入研究的质量和偏倚。
本综述纳入了三项研究，两项来自欧洲，一项来自美国，共纳入 190 名参与者。所有研究均被认为存在高度偏倚风险。参与者使用 NP 的时间从 1 个月到 10 年不等。在这些研究中，只有一项研究提供了关于每天使用 1 到 5 个单位，每个单位使用 11±7 分钟的使用模式信息。NP 使用者的口腔黏膜在放置部位发生变化很常见。口腔病变从轻微起皱到各种白色病变不等，似乎与每天消耗的 NP 单位数及其使用时间有关。其他口腔副作用包括口干、疼痛、牙龈水疱和奇怪的下颌感觉。
目前关于 NP 使用及其对口腔健康影响的研究有限。NP 的使用应考虑到短期和长期影响，尤其是对口腔健康的影响。进一步的研究对于了解 NP 使用相关的口腔健康影响至关重要。
PROSPERO 注册号 CRD42,024,500,711。
