Kreisberg A Nicole, Jackson Margot
Harvard University.
Brown University.
Sociol Perspect. 2023 Feb;66(1):145-172. doi: 10.1177/07311214221117296. Epub 2022 Sep 5.
Adverse life course events associated with unemployment can negatively affect individuals' future labor market prospects. Unauthorized status, and subsequent unauthorized employment, may operate similarly, marring immigrants' labor market prospects even after they change legal status. However, it is unclear how and why any durable disadvantage associated with prior unauthorized status operates differently by gender. This is an important shortcoming given that legal status and gender overlap to influence both migration and stratification. Using longitudinal data from a nationally-representative sample of lawful permanent residents, we find durable disadvantage associated with prior exposure to unauthorized status, especially among women. Men with prior exposure to unauthorized status experience persistent occupational disadvantage over time relative to men who were never unauthorized. However, women with exposure to unauthorized status experience widening occupational disadvantage over time relative to women who were never unauthorized. Human capital and legal processes help to explain this pattern.
与失业相关的不良人生经历会对个人未来的劳动力市场前景产生负面影响。未经授权的身份以及随后的非法就业可能会产生类似影响，即使移民改变了法律身份，也会损害他们的劳动力市场前景。然而，目前尚不清楚与先前未经授权的身份相关的任何持久劣势如何以及为何在性别上存在不同影响。鉴于法律身份和性别相互交织，共同影响移民和阶层分化，这是一个重要的缺陷。利用来自全国代表性合法永久居民样本的纵向数据，我们发现与先前未经授权的身份相关的持久劣势，尤其是在女性中。与从未有过未经授权身份的男性相比，有过未经授权身份的男性随着时间的推移会持续面临职业劣势。然而，与从未有过未经授权身份的女性相比，有过未经授权身份的女性随着时间的推移职业劣势会不断扩大。人力资本和法律程序有助于解释这种模式。
