Islam Md Monirul, Khan Makidul Islam, Mondal Gouri, Yeasmin Most Nilufa, Barman Aparna
Department of Fisheries, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh.
Department of Fisheries and Marine Bioscience, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, 8100, Bangladesh.
Heliyon. 2024 Jul 4;10(14):e34124. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e34124. eCollection 2024 Jul 30.
Social sustainability in fisheries focuses on retaining or improving societal welfare in the fishery system without threatening its long-term financial benefits and socio-cultural welfare. However, often social sustainability issues are ignored while implementing any fisheries management actions rather than only focusing on economic and environmental sustainability issues. This study assesses the social sustainability in Bangladesh marine fisheries management gaining insights from the coastal and marine fisheries-dependent communities of Hatiya Upazila in 2021-2022 using a mixed method approach especially focusing on the social issues during the marine fishing ban. Results have shown positive effects on fish production but negative implications on the socio-economic circumstances of the reliant households after the implementation of the marine fishing ban. During the ban, the ability of around 33 % of fisher households to have 3 meals a day has drastically reduced to 2 or 1 meal per day. Households' average fish intake has reduced from 7 kg to 4 kg per week during the ban. Similarly, there have been detrimental effects on family relationships, healthcare access and children's education during the ban. Moreover, pregnant women and children have suffered greatly from protein deficiencies as fishers could not buy protein-rich foods for their families during the ban. Due to the shortage of alternate income-generating activities (AIGAs), almost 71 % of fishers became indebted during the ban. To assist the fishers during the ban, the government has implemented several measures, such as offering incentives (40 kg of rice per registered fisherman per month) and/or AIGA but those are too scant to recompense for the loss that is incurred due to the fishing ban. Finally, this study provides some way forward to bring social sustainability that is affected due to the marine fishing ban as well as to partly meet the targets of Sustainable Development Goals 1, 2, 14 and 15.
渔业中的社会可持续性侧重于在不威胁渔业系统长期经济利益和社会文化福祉的情况下，维持或改善渔业系统中的社会福利。然而，在实施任何渔业管理行动时，社会可持续性问题往往被忽视，而不是仅仅关注经济和环境可持续性问题。本研究评估了孟加拉国海洋渔业管理中的社会可持续性，于2021 - 2022年采用混合方法，从哈蒂亚乌帕齐拉依赖沿海和海洋渔业的社区获取见解，特别关注海洋捕捞禁令期间的社会问题。结果表明，实施海洋捕捞禁令后，对鱼类产量有积极影响，但对依赖家庭户的社会经济状况有负面影响。在禁令期间，约33%的渔民家庭每天吃三餐的能力大幅下降至每天两餐或一餐。禁令期间，家庭每周的平均鱼类摄入量从7公斤降至4公斤。同样，禁令期间对家庭关系、医疗保健获取和儿童教育也产生了不利影响。此外，孕妇和儿童因蛋白质缺乏而遭受极大痛苦，因为渔民在禁令期间无法为家人购买富含蛋白质的食物。由于替代创收活动短缺，近71%的渔民在禁令期间负债。为了在禁令期间帮助渔民，政府实施了多项措施，如提供激励措施（每月为每位注册渔民提供40公斤大米）和/或替代创收活动，但这些措施远远不足以弥补因捕捞禁令造成的损失。最后，本研究提出了一些推进社会可持续性的方法，这些方法因海洋捕捞禁令而受到影响，同时也部分实现可持续发展目标1、2、14和15的目标。
