Sankarapillai Jayasankar, Krishnan Sathishkumar, Ramamoorthy Thilagavathi, Sudarshan Kondalli Lakshminarayana, Mathur Prashant
National Centre for Disease Informatics and Research, Indian Council of Medical Research, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
Indian J Urol. 2024 Jul-Sep;40(3):167-173. doi: 10.4103/iju.iju_27_24. Epub 2024 Jul 1.
This study describes the epidemiology, clinical extent at diagnosis, and treatment modalities for prostate cancer in India.
This study is a secondary analysis of primary prostate cancer data sourced from the National Cancer Registry Programme. Data from population-based cancer registry for the period 2012-2016 were used to estimate the incidence rates, including crude incidence rate (CR), age-adjusted incidence rate (AAR), age-specific rate, and cumulative risk. Trends in the AAR were assessed using join-point regression. Hospital-Based Cancer Registry data from 2012 to 2019 were used to describe the clinical extent of the cancer at diagnosis and the treatment modalities.
The incidence of prostate cancers was higher in urban registries such as Delhi, Kamrup Urban, and Mumbai (AAR of 11.8 per 100,000, 10.9 per 100,000, and 9.7 per 100,000, respectively). Prostate cancer incidence showed a rise after the age of 50, with a notable acceleration after age 64. The overall annual percentage change for prostate cancer incidence from 1982 to 2016 was 2.6. Around 43.0% of all prostate cancers were diagnosed at the distant metastatic stage. Surgery and radiotherapy, either as standalone treatments or in combination with other modalities, contributed to the treatment of 78.5% of localized cancer, 74.2% of locoregional cancer, and 57.2% of distant metastatic stage of prostate cancer.
There is heterogeneity in the incidence of prostate cancer, as evidenced by urban registries. Additionally, there is a need for downstaging the disease, without risking overdiagnosis.
本研究描述了印度前列腺癌的流行病学、诊断时的临床范围及治疗方式。
本研究是对源自国家癌症登记计划的原发性前列腺癌数据进行的二次分析。2012 - 2016年基于人群的癌症登记数据用于估计发病率，包括粗发病率（CR）、年龄调整发病率（AAR）、年龄别发病率和累积风险。使用连接点回归评估AAR的趋势。2012年至2019年基于医院的癌症登记数据用于描述癌症诊断时的临床范围及治疗方式。
在德里、卡姆鲁普市区和孟买等城市登记处，前列腺癌的发病率较高（AAR分别为每10万人11.8例、每10万人10.9例和每10万人9.7例）。前列腺癌发病率在50岁以后呈上升趋势，64岁以后显著加速。1982年至2016年前列腺癌发病率的总体年百分比变化为2.6。所有前列腺癌中约43.0%在远处转移阶段被诊断出来。手术和放疗，无论是作为单独治疗还是与其他方式联合使用，对局限性癌症治疗的贡献率为78.5%，对局部区域癌症治疗的贡献率为74.2%，对前列腺癌远处转移阶段治疗的贡献率为57.2%。
城市登记处的数据表明，前列腺癌的发病率存在异质性。此外，有必要在不冒过度诊断风险的情况下降低疾病分期。
