Department of Psychology, Shahid Beheshti University.
Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst.
J Exp Psychol Gen. 2024 Nov;153(11):2822-2848. doi: 10.1037/xge0001616. Epub 2024 Aug 5.
People express essentialist beliefs about social categories from an early age, but essentialist beliefs about specific social categories vary over development and in different contexts. Adapting two paradigms used with Western samples to measure social essentialism, we examined the development of essentialist beliefs about seven social categories (gender, race, nationality, religion, socioeconomic status, ethnicity, and team fan bases) among 5- to 10-year-old children ( = 88) and adults ( = 273) in Iran, a population that is underrepresented in psychology research. Focusing on natural-kind reasoning, we investigated the relative contribution of biological perception of social categories as well as cultural and motivational factors in the development of essentialist beliefs about these categories. Our findings suggest that biological perception of social categories plays a key role and that cultural and motivational factors become more relevant in essentialist reasoning about social categories that are perceived as biologically marked. The developmental patterns of essentialist reasoning in our study also closely parallel those found in other cultures, namely the United States and Turkey, further suggesting the primary role of biological perception of social categories in natural-kind reasoning about the social world. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
人们从很小的时候就开始对社会类别持有本质主义的信念，但对具体社会类别的本质主义信念会随着发展和不同的环境而变化。我们改编了两个用于西方样本的范式来衡量社会本质主义，以研究伊朗的 5 至 10 岁儿童（n=88）和成年人（n=273）对七种社会类别（性别、种族、国籍、宗教、社会经济地位、族裔和球队粉丝基础）的本质主义信念的发展。我们专注于自然种类推理，研究了社会类别生物感知以及文化和动机因素在这些类别的本质主义信念发展中的相对贡献。我们的研究结果表明，社会类别的生物感知起着关键作用，文化和动机因素在被认为具有生物学标记的社会类别的本质主义推理中变得更加相关。我们研究中的本质主义推理发展模式也与其他文化，即美国和土耳其的模式非常相似，进一步表明社会世界的自然种类推理中社会类别的生物感知起着主要作用。（PsycInfo 数据库记录（c）2024 APA，保留所有权利）。
