Boston University.
Boğaziçi University.
Child Dev. 2020 Jan;91(1):289-306. doi: 10.1111/cdev.13209. Epub 2019 Jan 15.
Children display an "essentialist" bias in their everyday thinking about social categories. However, the degree and form of this bias varies with age and with the nature of the categories, as well as across cultures. This project investigated the development of the essentialist bias across five social categories (i.e., gender, nationality, religious affiliation, socioeconomic status (rich/poor), and sports-team supporter) in two countries. Children between 5 and 10 years of age in Turkey (Study 1, N = 74) and the United States (Study 2, N = 73), as well as adults in both countries (Study 3, N = 223), participated. Results indicate surprising cross-cultural parallels with respect to both the rank ordering of essentialist thinking across these five categories and increasing differentiation among them over development.
儿童在日常的社会分类思维中表现出一种“本质主义”偏见。然而，这种偏见的程度和形式因年龄、类别性质以及文化的不同而有所不同。本项目在两个国家的五个社会类别（即性别、国籍、宗教信仰、社会经济地位（富/穷）和运动队支持者）中研究了本质主义偏见的发展。土耳其的 5 至 10 岁儿童（研究 1，N=74）和美国（研究 2，N=73）以及两国的成年人（研究 3，N=223）参与了研究。结果表明，这五个类别的本质主义思维的排序以及随着发展而逐渐分化的情况在跨文化方面存在惊人的相似之处。
