Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland (M.T.H., B.L., J.M.C., V.P.D.).
Office of the Director, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland (D.R.L.).
Ann Intern Med. 2024 Sep;177(9):1170-1178. doi: 10.7326/M24-0375. Epub 2024 Aug 6.
Cancer has substantial health, quality-of-life, and economic impacts. Screening may decrease cancer mortality and treatment costs, but the cost of screening in the United States is unknown.
To estimate the annual cost of initial cancer screening (that is, screening without follow-up costs) in the United States in 2021.
Model using national health care survey and cost resources data.
U.S. health care systems and institutions.
People eligible for breast, cervical, colorectal, lung, and prostate cancer screening with available data.
The number of people screened and associated health care system costs by insurance status in 2021 dollars.
Total health care system costs for initial cancer screenings in the United States in 2021 were estimated at $43 billion. Approximately 88.3% of costs were attributable to private insurance; 8.5% to Medicare; and 3.2% to Medicaid, other government programs, and uninsured persons. Screening for colorectal cancer represented approximately 64% of the total cost; screening colonoscopy represented about 55% of the total. Facility costs (amounts paid to facilities where testing occurred) were major drivers of the total estimated costs of screening.
All data on receipt of cancer screening are based on self-report from national health care surveys. Estimates do not include costs of follow-up for positive or abnormal screening results. Variations in costs based on geography and provider or health care organization are not fully captured.
The $43 billion estimated annual cost for initial cancer screening in the United States in 2021 is less than the reported annual cost of cancer treatment in the United States in the first 12 months after diagnosis. Identification of cancer screening costs and their drivers is critical to help inform policy and develop programmatic priorities, particularly for enhancing access to recommended cancer screening services.
None.
癌症对健康、生活质量和经济都有重大影响。筛查可能会降低癌症死亡率和治疗成本，但美国的筛查成本尚不清楚。
估计 2021 年美国初始癌症筛查（即无后续成本的筛查）的年度成本。
使用国家卫生保健调查和成本资源数据的模型。
美国卫生保健系统和机构。
有资格进行乳腺癌、宫颈癌、结直肠癌、肺癌和前列腺癌筛查且有可用数据的人群。
按保险状况分类的 2021 年筛查人数和相关医疗保健系统成本。
2021 年美国初始癌症筛查的总医疗保健系统成本估计为 430 亿美元。约 88.3%的成本归因于私人保险；8.5%归因于医疗保险；3.2%归因于医疗补助、其他政府计划和无保险者。结直肠癌筛查约占总成本的 64%；结肠镜检查约占总成本的 55%。设施成本（支付给进行检测的医疗机构的金额）是筛查总估计成本的主要驱动因素。
所有关于癌症筛查接受情况的数据均基于国家卫生保健调查的自我报告。估计不包括对阳性或异常筛查结果的随访成本。基于地理位置和提供者或卫生保健组织的成本差异并未完全涵盖。
2021 年美国每年估计为初始癌症筛查花费 430 亿美元，低于美国在诊断后 12 个月内报告的癌症治疗年度成本。确定癌症筛查成本及其驱动因素对于帮助制定政策和制定计划重点至关重要，特别是对于增强获得推荐的癌症筛查服务的机会。
无。
