A data augmentation procedure to improve detection of spike ripples in brain voltage recordings.

Epilepsy is a major neurological disorder characterized by recurrent, spontaneous seizures. For patients with drug-resistant epilepsy, treatments include neurostimulation or surgical removal of the epileptogenic zone (EZ), the brain region responsible for seizure generation. Precise targeting of the EZ requires reliable biomarkers. Spike ripples - high-frequency oscillations that co-occur with large amplitude epileptic discharges - have gained prominence as a candidate biomarker. However, spike ripple detection remains a challenge. The gold-standard approach requires an expert manually visualize and interpret brain voltage recordings, which limits reproducibility and high-throughput analysis. Addressing these limitations requires more objective, efficient, and automated methods for spike ripple detection, including approaches that utilize deep neural networks. Despite advancements, dataset heterogeneity and scarcity severely limit machine learning performance. Our study explores long-short term memory (LSTM) neural network architectures for spike ripple detection, leveraging data augmentation to improve classifier performance. We highlight the potential of combining training on augmented and in vivo data for enhanced spike ripple detection and ultimately improving diagnostic accuracy in epilepsy treatment.