SHP2 mutations promote glycolysis and inhibit apoptosis via PKM2/hnRNPK signaling in colorectal cancer.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common gastrointestinal tumors. Src homology-2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase-2 (SHP2) mutations occur in human solid tumors, including CRC. However, the function and underlying mechanism in CRC have not been well characterized. We demonstrated that the SHP2 and SHP2 mutations occurred in CRC tissues, and these mutations promoted CRC cell proliferation, migration/invasion, and reduced CDDP-induced cell apoptosis and . Mechanistically, SHP2 and SHP2 promote glycolysis by accelerating pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) nuclear translocation through mechanism beyond ERK activation. PKM2-IN-1 attenuates PKM2-dependent glycolysis and reduce glucose uptake, lactate production, and ATP levels promoted by SHP2D and SHP2 in CRC cells. Furthermore, PKM2 upregulates heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K (hnRNPK) expression and increases CRC cell proliferation and migration/invasion via regulating hnRNPK ubiquitination. These findings provide evidence that SHP2 and SHP2 regulate CDDP-induced apoptosis, glucose metabolism, and CRC migration/invasion through PKM2 nuclear translocation and PKM2/hnRNPK signaling.