Faculty of Health and Social Services School of Rehabilitation Kanagawa University of Human Services, Yokosuka, Japan.
Child Development Support Office Smile-Kids, Nerima, Japan.
Occup Ther Int. 2024 Jul 25;2024:4573526. doi: 10.1155/2024/4573526. eCollection 2024.
Occupational therapists need to comprehensively assess the participation of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in daily activities and evaluate the effectiveness of relevant interventions. Several participation measurement tools have been developed for children with ASD, but these tools require expert involvement, which is a barrier to large-scale surveys. To address these concerns, a caregiver-administered questionnaire-the Participation Questionnaire for Preschoolers (PQP)-was developed. However, this tool could be improved due to its narrow age range of 48-72 months and because the item development process does not reflect the perspectives of children and caregivers. Therefore, we expanded the PQP's target age range to 36-83 months and developed new items that reflect the perspectives of professionals and caregivers. Interviews were conducted with eight experts in supporting children with ASD and 11 caregivers of children with ASD. The interviews were transcribed, and a content analysis was performed. The number of questions was reduced from 51 to 36, and the order of items was changed for clarity. Two of the eight subdomains were removed to clarify the conceptual difference between activity and participation. The updated version of the PQP has two unique features: (1) it can be administered without expert involvement, and (2) it includes items specific to the challenges faced by children with ASD. Future development of the scale and validation of its measurement properties are needed.
作业治疗师需要全面评估自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）儿童的日常活动参与情况，并评估相关干预措施的效果。已经为 ASD 儿童开发了几种参与度测量工具，但这些工具需要专家参与，这是大规模调查的障碍。为了解决这些问题，开发了一种由照顾者管理的问卷——学前儿童参与问卷（PQP）。然而，由于其目标年龄范围狭窄（48-72 个月），并且项目开发过程没有反映儿童和照顾者的观点，因此该工具可以进行改进。因此，我们将 PQP 的目标年龄范围扩大到 36-83 个月，并开发了反映专业人员和照顾者观点的新项目。我们对 8 名支持 ASD 儿童的专家和 11 名 ASD 儿童的照顾者进行了访谈。访谈记录被转录，并进行了内容分析。问题的数量从 51 个减少到 36 个，为了清晰起见，项目的顺序也发生了变化。为了明确活动和参与之间的概念差异，删除了八个子领域中的两个。更新后的 PQP 具有两个独特的特点：（1）它可以在没有专家参与的情况下进行管理，（2）它包括针对 ASD 儿童面临的挑战的项目。需要进一步开发该量表并验证其测量特性。
