Gupta Narayan Prasad, Gupta Preeti, Paliwal Priyanka, Thakkar Nishant, Arya Raj Kumar
Electrical Engineering Department, University Institute of Technology, Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya (UIT-RGPV), Madhya Pradesh, Bhopal, India, 462033.
Electrical Engineering Department, University Polytechnic, Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya (RGPV), Madhya Pradesh, Bhopal, India, 462033.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2025 May;32(22):13432-13453. doi: 10.1007/s11356-024-34537-7. Epub 2024 Aug 6.
The incorporation of renewable energy resources (RERs) into smart city through hybrid microgrid (HMG) offers a sustainable solution for clean energy. The HMG architecture also involves linking the AC-microgrid and DC-microgrid through bidirectional interconnection converters (ICC). This HMG combines AC sources like wind-DFIG with DC sources such as solar PV and solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC), supported by battery energy storage systems (BESS) and hydrogen storage units (HSU). The HSU can generate and store hydrogen during RER surplus. This stored hydrogen can be further employed for production of electrical power along with numerous other applications. The HSU is emerged as a competent tool which can be utilised alone/in combination with BESS to enhance the system reliability. Harvesting power from clean and green sources requires its optimal operation and control while feeding to the existing grid. The existing strategies of controlling ICC are complex and not efficient; hence, a novel intelligent scaled droop control structure (SDCS) is proposed, utilizing frequency, DC voltage, and active power. The SDCS regulate voltage and frequency in both islanded mode (IM) and grid connected mode (GCM) of HMG. Experimental validation demonstrates its simplicity and effectiveness, making it suitable for smart city environments, ensuring uninterrupted power for critical loads with improved air quality.
通过混合微电网（HMG）将可再生能源资源（RER）纳入智慧城市，为清洁能源提供了可持续的解决方案。HMG架构还涉及通过双向互连转换器（ICC）连接交流微电网和直流微电网。这种HMG将风力双馈感应发电机（wind-DFIG）等交流电源与太阳能光伏（solar PV）和固体氧化物燃料电池（SOFC）等直流电源相结合，并由电池储能系统（BESS）和储氢单元（HSU）提供支持。HSU可以在可再生能源过剩时产生并储存氢气。这种储存的氢气可以进一步用于发电以及许多其他应用。HSU已成为一种有效的工具，可以单独使用/与BESS结合使用，以提高系统可靠性。从清洁和绿色能源中获取电力需要在接入现有电网时进行优化运行和控制。现有的ICC控制策略复杂且效率不高；因此，提出了一种新颖的智能比例下垂控制结构（SDCS），利用频率、直流电压和有功功率。SDCS在HMG的孤岛模式（IM）和并网模式（GCM）下调节电压和频率。实验验证证明了其简单性和有效性，使其适用于智慧城市环境，确保关键负载的不间断供电并改善空气质量。
