Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan.
Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan.
PLoS One. 2024 Aug 6;19(8):e0297250. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297250. eCollection 2024.
Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) is a member of the Umbelliferae/Apiaceae family and one of the well-known essential oil-containing plants, in which the seeds are used in traditional medicine, and as flavoring in food preparation. Knowing the diverse chemical components of different parts of the plant, this work aims to investigate the antioxidant, the anti-inflammatory, and the immunostimulatory modulator effects of the Jordanian C. sativum's seed extracted essential oil (JCEO). Coriander oil extract was prepared by hydro-distillation method using the Clevenger apparatus. Different concentrations of coriander oil were examined by using DPPH radical scavenging assay, MTT assay, pro-inflammatory cytokine (Tumor Necrosis Factor-TNF-alpha) production in RAW264.7 murine macrophages in addition, scratch-wound assessment, NO level examination, Th1/Th2 assay, phagocytosis assay, and fluorescence imaging using DAPI stain were conducted. JCEO had a potential metabolic enhancer effect at a concentration of 0.3 mg/mL on cell viability with anti-inflammatory activities via increasing cytokines like IL-10, IL-4, and limiting NO, INF-γ, and TNF-α release into cell supernatant. Antioxidant activity was seen significantly at higher concentrations of JCEO reaching 98.7% when using 100mg/mL and minimally reaching 50% at 12.5mg/mL of the essential oil. Treated macrophages were able to attain full scratch closure after 48-hrs at concentrations below 0.3mg/mL. The seed-extracted JCEO showed significant free radical scavenging activity even at lower dilutions. It also significantly induced an anti-inflammatory effect via an increase in the release of cytokines but reduced the LPS-induced NO and TNF-α production at 0.16-0.3mg/mL. In summary, coriander essential oil demonstrated antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunostimulatory effects, showcasing its therapeutic potential at specific concentrations. The findings underscore its safety and metabolic enhancement properties, emphasizing its promising role in promoting cellular health.
芫荽（芫荽属）是伞形科/伞形科的一种，是一种著名的含精油植物，其种子在传统医学中被使用，并在食品制备中用作调味料。鉴于植物不同部位的化学物质成分多样，本工作旨在研究约旦芫荽种子提取精油（JCEO）的抗氧化、抗炎和免疫调节剂作用。芫荽油提取物采用水蒸汽蒸馏法，用克利夫兰挥发油测定器制备。采用 DPPH 自由基清除试验、MTT 试验、RAW264.7 鼠巨噬细胞中促炎细胞因子（肿瘤坏死因子-α）的产生，以及划痕评估、NO 水平检测、Th1/Th2 检测、吞噬作用检测和 DAPI 染色荧光成像，检测不同浓度的芫荽油。JCEO 在 0.3mg/mL 浓度下对细胞活力具有潜在的代谢增强作用，通过增加细胞因子如 IL-10、IL-4 并限制细胞上清液中 NO、INF-γ 和 TNF-α 的释放，具有抗炎作用。抗氧化活性在 JCEO 的较高浓度下显著显现，当使用 100mg/mL 时达到 98.7%，而在 12.5mg/mL 的精油时最小达到 50%。在低于 0.3mg/mL 的浓度下，处理后的巨噬细胞在 48 小时内能够完全封闭划痕。即使在较低稀释度下，种子提取的 JCEO 也表现出显著的自由基清除活性。它还通过增加细胞因子的释放显著诱导抗炎作用，但在 0.16-0.3mg/mL 时降低 LPS 诱导的 NO 和 TNF-α 的产生。总之，芫荽精油表现出抗氧化、抗炎和免疫刺激作用，在特定浓度下展示了其治疗潜力。这些发现强调了其安全性和代谢增强特性，强调了其在促进细胞健康方面的有前途的作用。
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