Wellm Dennis, Jäger Johannes, Zentgraf Karen
Institute of Sport Sciences, Department of Movement Science and Training in Sports, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
Institute of Sport Science and Sport, Department of Sport and Exercise Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-University, Erlangen, Germany.
Front Sports Act Living. 2024 Jul 23;6:1419088. doi: 10.3389/fspor.2024.1419088. eCollection 2024.
Basketball, introduced by Naismith as a contactless and indoor alternative to sports such as American football, now frequently involves physical contact among players, challenging the traditional notion. Up to date, a thorough understanding of these contacts and their implications remains limited. This study aims to analyze player contacts, embedding it within overall load monitoring to optimize performance and reduce injury risk.
Using a mixed-method design, video-based observations and quantitative analysis were employed to study contact characteristics during ten professional male basketball matches. Fisher exact tests and chi-squared tests ( < .05) were conducted to examine positional variations across different contact variables.
A total of 2,069 player contacts were examined, showing centers had the most contacts at 40.5%, followed by power forwards (19.6%), point guards (17.7%), shooting guards (12.9%), and small forwards (9.3%). Notably, half-court defense (46.1%) and set offense (48.9%) emerged as the primary game phases associated with the majority of contacts across all playing positions. Key play actions leading to physical contact included screening/picking (25.7%), box outs (22.9%), and fights for position (FFP) (18%). analyses identified significant associations between centers (32.6%, 5.93) and point guards (21.5%, -1.98) during screening/picking maneuvers. Moreover, the torso/upper body (48.1%) and upper extremities (38.2%) were identified as the most affected contact points, while lower extremities and the head/neck exhibited minimal impact. Additionally, 81.4% ( = 1,684) of contacts resulted in kinematic displacement, whereas 18.6% ( = 385) exhibited no change. analyses indicated significant associations of physical contacts against opposing counterparts for each playing position.
Basketball entails frequent physical contacts across all playing positions, with distinct patterns observed for each playing position. Integrating contact monitoring alongside traditional load metrics offers a more comprehensive understanding of physical demands in professional basketball. Practical implications include the developing of tailored training strategies based on playing position-specific contact profiles and recognizing the physiological and biomechanical impacts of contacts. Future research should consider whether the number of contacts between players has increased over the years, and it should acknowledge the impact of player contacts on performance in basketball in order to refine training strategies and enhance player well-being.
篮球由奈史密斯发明，作为一种无身体接触的室内运动，是美式橄榄球等运动的替代项目，但如今球员之间频繁发生身体接触，这对传统观念构成了挑战。到目前为止，对这些接触及其影响的全面理解仍然有限。本研究旨在分析球员之间的接触情况，并将其纳入整体负荷监测中，以优化表现并降低受伤风险。
采用混合方法设计，通过基于视频的观察和定量分析来研究十场职业男子篮球比赛中的接触特征。进行费舍尔精确检验和卡方检验（<0.05），以检验不同接触变量之间的位置差异。
共检查了2069次球员之间的接触，结果显示中锋的接触次数最多，占40.5%，其次是大前锋（19.6%）、控球后卫（17.7%）、得分后卫（12.9%）和小前锋（9.3%）。值得注意的是，半场防守（46.1%）和固定进攻（48.9%）是与所有位置上大多数接触相关的主要比赛阶段。导致身体接触的关键比赛动作包括掩护/挡拆（25.7%）、卡位（22.9%）和争抢位置（18%）。分析确定了中锋（32.6%，5.93）和控球后卫（21.5%，-1.98）在掩护/挡拆动作中的显著关联。此外，躯干/上身（48.1%）和上肢（38.2%）被确定为受影响最大的接触部位，而下肢和头部/颈部的影响最小。此外，81.4%（=1684次）的接触导致了运动位移，而18.6%（=385次）没有变化。分析表明每个位置上与对手的身体接触存在显著关联。
篮球运动在所有位置上都频繁发生身体接触，每个位置都有独特的模式。将接触监测与传统负荷指标相结合，可以更全面地了解职业篮球中的身体需求。实际应用包括根据特定位置的接触情况制定个性化的训练策略，以及认识到接触对生理和生物力学的影响。未来的研究应考虑多年来球员之间的接触次数是否增加，并应承认球员接触对篮球表现的影响，以便完善训练策略并提高球员的健康水平。
