Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
Vet Rec. 2024;195(11):e4437. doi: 10.1002/vetr.4437. Epub 2024 Aug 7.
Canine leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease of global importance. The identification of social and environmental risk factors remains limited and is needed for planning interventions. Our objectives were to summarise the global trends in social and environmental risk factors for canine leptospirosis and to identify knowledge gaps.
We searched peer-reviewed and grey literature for observational studies on canine leptospirosis written in English. Variables assessed via formal statistical tests were recorded and categorised into thematic risk factor groups. The risk factors were summarised by the number of unique studies and their direction of association.
Of the 3184 articles identified, 66 met the inclusion criteria. Eight environmental and three social risk factor groups were identified. Exposure to animals and water was commonly studied, but social risk factors were infrequently examined. Most studies were conducted on populations in higher-income countries and countries in the Americas.
Several limitations were encountered, including inconsistent study designs and measurement and control of variables as well as disproportionate representation of studies from the Americas and higher-income countries.
The weight and quality of evidence for social and environmental risk factors were highly variable. Additional research following standard reporting guidelines to improve transparency and increase generalisability to different contexts is needed.
犬钩端螺旋体病是一种具有全球重要性的人畜共患病。社会和环境风险因素的识别仍然有限，需要进行干预规划。我们的目的是总结全球犬钩端螺旋体病的社会和环境风险因素的趋势，并确定知识差距。
我们检索了英文撰写的关于犬钩端螺旋体病的同行评议和灰色文献中的观察性研究。记录并分类为主题风险因素组，通过正式的统计检验评估变量。根据独特研究的数量及其关联方向总结风险因素。
在 3184 篇文章中，有 66 篇符合纳入标准。确定了 8 个环境和 3 个社会风险因素组。动物和水的暴露通常是研究的重点，但社会风险因素很少被研究。大多数研究是在高收入国家和美洲国家的人群中进行的。
遇到了一些限制，包括研究设计以及变量的测量和控制不一致，以及来自美洲和高收入国家的研究代表性过高。
社会和环境风险因素的证据权重和质量差异很大。需要按照标准报告准则进行更多的研究，以提高透明度并增加对不同背景的普遍性。
