Sadasivam Ilakkia Priya, Sambandam Ravikumar, Kaliyaperumal Damayandhi, Dileep Jude Ernest
From the Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Aarupadai Veedu Medical College and Hospital, Vinayaka Mission Research Foundation (Deemed to be University), Puducherry, India.
Department of Medical Biotechnology, Aarupadai Veedu Medical College and Hospital, Vinayaka Mission Research Foundation (Deemed to be University), Puducherry, India.
Indian J Dermatol. 2024 May-Jun;69(3):282. doi: 10.4103/ijd.ijd_729_23. Epub 2024 Jun 26.
Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is defined as the alopecia induced by androgens in genetically predisposed individuals. AGA results in progressive miniaturization of the hair follicles leading to vellus transformation of terminal hair. The high prevalence and wide range of expressed phenotypes in AGA is a result of a polygenic inheritance mode. The androgen receptor (AR) gene located on the X chromosome at Xq11-12 is the first gene to show genetic association with AGA. Newer genetic associations with AGA are under study. In early-onset AGA, obesity, diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, insulin resistance, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), prostate cancers and coronary artery disease (CAD) are associated with AGA. Screening of early-onset AGA patients and intervention for metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance can prevent the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) at an early stage. As effective treatments continue to be topical minoxidil, systemic finasteride and hair transplantations, newer modalities are under investigation. Understanding the genetic factors involved in AGA and continued research into newer therapies, such as cell-based therapies, will lead to effective treatment and improve the quality of life in patients with AGA.
雄激素性脱发（AGA）被定义为在具有遗传易感性的个体中由雄激素诱导的脱发。AGA导致毛囊逐渐变小，致使终毛转变为毳毛。AGA中高患病率和广泛表达的表型是多基因遗传模式的结果。位于X染色体Xq11 - 12处的雄激素受体（AR）基因是首个显示出与AGA存在遗传关联的基因。与AGA的新型遗传关联正在研究中。在早发性AGA中，肥胖、糖尿病、高血压、血脂异常、胰岛素抵抗、良性前列腺增生（BPH）、前列腺癌和冠状动脉疾病（CAD）与AGA相关。对早发性AGA患者进行筛查并对代谢综合征和胰岛素抵抗进行干预可在早期预防心血管疾病（CVD）的发生。由于有效的治疗方法仍然是局部用米诺地尔、全身性非那雄胺和毛发移植，新的治疗方式正在研究中。了解参与AGA的遗传因素并持续研究新的疗法，如基于细胞的疗法，将带来有效的治疗并改善AGA患者的生活质量。
