Zanet Stefania, Benatti Francesco, Poncina Manuela, Pasetto Carlotta, Chiari Mario, Sorrenti Michele, Ferroglio Ezio
Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Torino, Largo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy.
Federazione Italiana della Caccia, Via Garigliano 57, 00198 Roma, Italy.
Animals (Basel). 2024 Jul 29;14(15):2204. doi: 10.3390/ani14152204.
In Italy, there are hundreds of research, monitoring, and surveillance activities targeting emerging and re-emerging pathogens. These activities heavily rely on hunters for sample collection and early identification of morbidity/mortality events. The objective of this review is to describe and quantify the contribution of hunters in the context of disease research, monitoring, and surveillance in wild populations. A literature review and descriptive summary statistics were performed following PRISMA-2020 guidelines; articles were obtained from major scientific databases, abstracts from national and international conferences, proceedings, graduate-level theses from online library repositories, and direct contact with academic experts. The contribution of hunters in terms of sample collection for health-related activities on wildlife amounts to 400,000 sampled animals. Wild boars were involved in 158 surveillance systems/research studies, followed by red deer (71), foxes (63), and roe deer (59). The pathogens under surveillance were mainly zoonotic (Salmonella spp.), emerging (Hepatitis E virus), and/or vector-borne (West Nile virus). The temporal distribution of scientific papers followed a positive trend that reflects the growing interest in wildlife from different sectors. These results highlight how wildlife health-related efforts are a paradigm of the concept of One Health, in which the role of hunters is crucial to ensure sample availability, and it constitutes the base of much current wildlife health research, monitoring, and surveillance.
在意大利，有数百项针对新出现和再次出现的病原体的研究、监测及监视活动。这些活动在很大程度上依赖猎人进行样本采集以及对发病/死亡事件的早期识别。本综述的目的是描述并量化猎人在野生种群疾病研究、监测及监视背景下所做的贡献。按照PRISMA - 2020指南进行了文献综述和描述性汇总统计；文章来源于主要科学数据库、国家和国际会议摘要、会议记录、在线图书馆存储库中的研究生论文以及与学术专家的直接联系。猎人在野生动物健康相关活动的样本采集方面贡献了40万只采样动物。野猪参与了158个监测系统/研究，其次是马鹿（71个）、狐狸（63个）和狍（59个）。所监测的病原体主要是人畜共患病原体（沙门氏菌属）、新出现的病原体（戊型肝炎病毒）和/或媒介传播病原体（西尼罗河病毒）。科学论文的时间分布呈积极趋势，反映出不同部门对野生动物的兴趣日益增长。这些结果凸显了与野生动物健康相关的工作是“同一健康”理念的一个范例，其中猎人的作用对于确保样本可得性至关重要，并且它构成了当前许多野生动物健康研究、监测及监视的基础。
