绘制自闭症和注意力缺陷多动障碍的大脑图谱揭示了不同且重叠的神经生物学特征。

Brain-Charting Autism and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Reveals Distinct and Overlapping Neurobiology.

作者信息

Bedford Saashi A, Lai Meng-Chuan, Lombardo Michael V, Chakrabarti Bhismadev, Ruigrok Amber, Suckling John, Anagnostou Evdokia, Lerch Jason P, Taylor Margot, Nicolson Rob, Stelios Georgiades, Crosbie Jennifer, Schachar Russell, Kelley Elizabeth, Jones Jessica, Arnold Paul D, Courchesne Eric, Pierce Karen, Eyler Lisa T, Campbell Kathleen, Barnes Cynthia Carter, Seidlitz Jakob, Alexander-Bloch Aaron F, Bullmore Edward T, Baron-Cohen Simon, Bethlehem Richard A I

机构信息

Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Brain Mapping Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.

Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Margaret and Wallace McCain Centre for Child, Youth & Family Mental Health and Azrieli Adult Neurodevelopmental Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.

出版信息

Biol Psychiatry. 2025 Mar 1;97(5):517-530. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2024.07.024. Epub 2024 Aug 14.

DOI:10.1016/j.biopsych.2024.07.024

PMID:39128574

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Autism and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are heterogeneous neurodevelopmental conditions with complex underlying neurobiology that is still poorly understood. Despite overlapping presentation and sex-biased prevalence, autism and ADHD are rarely studied together and sex differences are often overlooked. Population modeling, often referred to as normative modeling, provides a unified framework for studying age-specific and sex-specific divergences in brain development.

METHODS

Here, we used population modeling and a large, multisite neuroimaging dataset (N = 4255 after quality control) to characterize cortical anatomy associated with autism and ADHD, benchmarked against models of average brain development based on a sample of more than 75,000 individuals. We also examined sex and age differences and relationship with autistic traits and explored the co-occurrence of autism and ADHD.

RESULTS

We observed robust neuroanatomical signatures of both autism and ADHD. Overall, autistic individuals showed greater cortical thickness and volume that was localized to the superior temporal cortex, whereas individuals with ADHD showed more global increases in cortical thickness but lower cortical volume and surface area across much of the cortex. The co-occurring autism+ADHD group showed a unique pattern of widespread increases in cortical thickness and certain decreases in surface area. We also found that sex modulated the neuroanatomy of autism but not ADHD, and there was an age-by-diagnosis interaction for ADHD only.

CONCLUSIONS

These results indicate distinct cortical differences in autism and ADHD that are differentially affected by age and sex as well as potentially unique patterns related to their co-occurrence.

摘要

背景

自闭症和注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）是异质性神经发育疾病，其潜在的神经生物学机制复杂，目前仍知之甚少。尽管自闭症和ADHD在临床表现上有重叠且患病率存在性别差异，但它们很少被同时研究，性别差异也常常被忽视。群体建模，通常被称为规范建模，为研究大脑发育中特定年龄和性别的差异提供了一个统一的框架。

方法

在此，我们使用群体建模和一个大型多站点神经影像数据集（质量控制后N = 4255）来表征与自闭症和ADHD相关的皮质解剖结构，并以基于超过75,000人的样本建立的平均大脑发育模型为基准。我们还研究了性别和年龄差异以及与自闭症特征的关系，并探讨了自闭症和ADHD的共病情况。

结果

我们观察到了自闭症和ADHD强有力的神经解剖学特征。总体而言，自闭症个体的皮质厚度和体积更大，主要集中在颞上皮质，而ADHD个体的皮质厚度在更广泛区域增加，但皮质体积和表面积在大部分皮质区域较低。自闭症 + ADHD共病组表现出皮质厚度广泛增加和表面积某些区域减少的独特模式。我们还发现性别调节了自闭症的神经解剖结构，但对ADHD没有影响，并且仅在ADHD中存在诊断与年龄的交互作用。