Larenas-Linnemann Désirée, Morfín-Maciel Blanca María, Gonzalez-Uribe Victor, Gallego-Corella Claudia Ivonne, Rico-Solís Germán Agustín, Hernández-Velázquez Luiana, García-Imperial Daniel, Caballero-Lopez Chrystopherson Gengyny, Garibay-Vargas Ondina Marlene, Gálvez-Romero José Luis, García Fajardo Daniela, Barroso-Santos Joel, Pérez-Áviles Herberth de Jesús, Luna-Pech Jorge Agustín, García-Cobas Cecilia Yvonne, Coronado-Hernández Kareli Guadalupe, Ortega-Cisneros Margarita, González-Gutiérrez Carlos Humberto, Rivero-Yeverino Daniela, Navarrete-Rodríguez Elsy Maureen, Lezama-Vázquez Leticia, Rivera-Alvarado Karen Lilian, Ochoa-López Georgina Guadalupe, Covarrubias-Ramírez Sara Elizabeth, Reyes-Galindo Claudia Patricia, Bayardo-Gutiérrez Beatriz, Calderón-Ezquerro María Del Carmen
Centro de Excelencia en Asma y Alergia Larenas, Hospital Médica Sur, Mexico City, DF, Mexico.
Private practice, Mexico City, DF, Mexico.
J Asthma Allergy. 2024 Aug 6;17:733-742. doi: 10.2147/JAA.S462694. eCollection 2024.
Aeroallergen exposure has an intra- and extra-domiciliary component and varies according to climatological zones. Mexico is a large country with a great variety of climates. A previous study (2009) evaluated skin prick test results (SPT) in different regions. In this study, we compare previous sensitization patterns from 14y ago with current ones and compare them between different climatological zones.
Mexican allergists were asked to share their last 100 SPT results in patients with respiratory allergy. Clinics were grouped in (semi)humid vs (semi)dry zones. Results were analyzed nationwide and compared to the 2009 results, calculating odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs), with p <0.05 as cut-off. Similarly, we compared (semi)humid versus dry zones.
We collected 2915 SPT results from 28 clinics (19 cities). was the most frequently sensitizing allergen. There was a significant increase in SPT positivity from 2009 to 2023 in both in- and outdoor aeroallergens (OR 1.26-2.65, 95% CI from 1.06-1.50 to 1.99-3.52). Comparing dry-humid zones, sensitization to pollen from Oleaceae, Fagaceae (p < 0.0001 all) and most weeds is more frequent in humid zones, as are and cockroach (both p < 0.0001). Eucalyptus, mesquite, and all grass pollen sensitizations predominate in dry zones (p < 0.05-0.0001). There are no differences in sensitization to cat or dog between zones.
We found a general increase in SPT sensitization over the past fourteen years, suggesting that this is probably not only due to climate change. The different sensitization profile throughout the country was mainly related to humidity. Repeating epidemiologic SPT studies over the years could help tracking changes in allergen sensitization over time.
吸入性变应原暴露有室内和室外成分，且因气候带而异。墨西哥是一个幅员辽阔、气候多样的国家。此前一项研究（2009年）评估了不同地区的皮肤点刺试验结果（SPT）。在本研究中，我们比较了14年前与当前的致敏模式，并在不同气候带之间进行比较。
我们邀请墨西哥的过敏症专科医生分享他们最近100例呼吸道过敏患者的SPT结果。诊所被分为（半）湿润区和（半）干燥区。对全国范围内的结果进行分析，并与2009年的结果进行比较，计算优势比（OR）和95%置信区间（95%CI），以p<0.05为临界值。同样，我们比较了（半）湿润区和干燥区。
我们收集了来自28家诊所（19个城市）的2915例SPT结果。 是最常见的致敏变应原。从2009年到2023年，室内和室外吸入性变应原的SPT阳性率均显著增加（OR为1.26 - 2.65，95%CI为1.06 - 1.50至1.99 - 3.52）。比较干燥区和湿润区，湿润区对木犀科、壳斗科花粉（所有p<0.0001）和大多数杂草的致敏更为常见，对 和蟑螂的致敏也是如此（两者p<0.0001）。桉属、牧豆树属以及所有草花粉致敏在干燥区更为普遍（p<0.05 - 0.0001）。不同区域对猫或狗的致敏无差异。
我们发现过去十四年中SPT致敏总体增加，这表明这可能不仅归因于气候变化。全国不同的致敏特征主要与湿度有关。多年来重复进行流行病学SPT研究有助于追踪变应原致敏随时间的变化。
