Zhang Danfeng, Ma Jiabin, Zhang Chen, Liu Ming, Yang Ke, Li Yuhang, Cheng Xing, Wang Ziqiang, Wang Huiqi, Lv Wei, He Yan-Bing, Kang Feiyu
Institute of Materials Research (IMR), Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China.
School of Material Science and Engineering & School of Energy and Power Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China.
Natl Sci Rev. 2024 Jun 25;11(8):nwae219. doi: 10.1093/nsr/nwae219. eCollection 2024 Aug.
The coupling of high-capacity cathodes and lithium metal anodes promises to be the next generation of high-energy-density batteries. However, the fast-structural degradations of the cathode and anode challenge their practical application. Herein, we synthesize an electrolyte additive, tris(2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropyl) borane (TPFPB), for ultra-stable lithium (Li) metal||Ni-rich layered oxide batteries. It can be preferentially adsorbed on the cathode surface to form a stable (B and F)-rich cathode electrolyte interface film, which greatly suppresses the electrolyte-cathode side reactions and improves the stability of the cathode. In addition, the electrophilicity of B atoms in TPFPB enhances the solubility of LiNO by 30 times in ester electrolyte to significantly improve the stability of the Li metal anode. Thus, the Li||Ni-rich layered oxide full batteries using TPFPB show high stability and an ultralong cycle life (up to 1500 cycles), which also present excellent performance even under high voltage (4.8 V), high areal mass loading (30 mg cm) and wide temperature range (-30∼60°C). The Li||LiNiCoMnO (NCM90) pouch cell using TPFPB with a capacity of 3.1 Ah reaches a high energy density of 420 Wh kg at 0.1 C and presents outstanding cycling performance.
高容量阴极与锂金属阳极的耦合有望成为下一代高能量密度电池。然而，阴极和阳极的快速结构退化对其实际应用构成了挑战。在此，我们合成了一种电解质添加剂三（2,2,3,3,3-五氟丙基）硼烷（TPFPB），用于超稳定锂金属||富镍层状氧化物电池。它可以优先吸附在阴极表面，形成稳定的富含（硼和氟）的阴极电解质界面膜，极大地抑制了电解质与阴极的副反应，提高了阴极的稳定性。此外，TPFPB中硼原子的亲电性使硝酸锂在酯类电解质中的溶解度提高了30倍，显著提高了锂金属阳极的稳定性。因此，使用TPFPB的锂||富镍层状氧化物全电池表现出高稳定性和超长循环寿命（高达1500次循环），即使在高电压（4.8 V）、高面质量负载（30 mg cm）和宽温度范围（-30至60°C）下也具有优异的性能。使用TPFPB的锂||锂镍钴锰氧化物（NCM90）软包电池容量为3.1 Ah，在0.1 C下达到420 Wh kg的高能量密度，并呈现出出色的循环性能。
