Garcia John Camillo, Arteaga Anibal
Corporación Universitaria Remington, Grupo de Investigación en Salud Familiar y Comunitaria, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia.
Rev Bras Med Trab. 2024 Feb 16;21(4):e2023945. doi: 10.47626/1679-4435-2023-945. eCollection 2023 Oct-Dec.
Assessing the allostatic load of workers in the context of COVID -19 is of vital importance to elucidate the physiological responses to social and work stress. This is an integrative review of the literature including seven established steps: 1) identification of the topic and the guiding question; 2) definition of MeSH terms and search equations; 3) search in databases following defined criteria; 4) data collection according to inclusion criteria; 5) evaluation of the studies included in the integrative review; 6) discussion of results; and 7) presentation of the review/synthesis of knowledge. Seventeen studies were included, of which 15 were cross-sectional observational studies and two were longitudinal studies. Heterogeneity in the measurement of allostatic load was the common denominator of the studies. Allostatic load is mentioned in all of them as a parameter of measurement, but they measured it diferently; therefore, the relationship between burnout, work environment, and allostatic load, although positive in most studies, was highly variable. In conclusion, it is necessary to conduct studies that combine both biological markers and clinimetric tests, trying to standardize the batery of tests of allostatic load, so that the correlation with work stress is significant and reliable. Similarly, allostatic load requires a systemic and interdisciplinary approach, since this condition puts chronic stress on all organs and physiological compensation mechanisms. Therefore, the allostatic load invites to a comprehensive care of people, considering the work, social, psychological, and biological domains.
在新冠疫情背景下评估工作者的应激负荷对于阐明其对社会和工作压力的生理反应至关重要。这是一篇综合文献综述，包括七个既定步骤：1）确定主题和指导性问题；2）定义医学主题词（MeSH）术语和检索式；3）按照既定标准在数据库中检索；4）根据纳入标准收集数据；5）评估综合综述中纳入的研究；6）讨论结果；7）呈现综述/知识综合。纳入了17项研究，其中15项为横断面观察性研究，2项为纵向研究。应激负荷测量的异质性是这些研究的共同特点。所有研究都将应激负荷作为一个测量参数提及，但测量方法不同；因此，尽管大多数研究中倦怠、工作环境和应激负荷之间的关系呈正相关，但差异很大。总之，有必要开展结合生物标志物和临床测量测试的研究，尝试规范应激负荷测试组合，以便与工作压力的相关性显著且可靠。同样，应激负荷需要一种系统的、跨学科的方法，因为这种状况会给所有器官和生理代偿机制带来慢性压力。因此，应激负荷促使人们从工作、社会、心理和生物学领域对个体进行全面照护。
