Douchet Tom, Paizis Christos, Carling Christopher, Babault Nicolas
INSERM UMR1093-CAPS, Université de Bourgogne, UFR des Sciences du Sport, Dijon, France.
Centre d'Expertise de la Performance, Université de Bourgogne, UFR des Sciences du Sport, Dijon, France.
J Hum Kinet. 2024 May 17;93:133-144. doi: 10.5114/jhk/182984. eCollection 2024 Jul.
A typical weekly periodization strategy in soccer positions the most demanding sessions four and three days before the match-day (MD-4/MD-3). However, a modified periodization strategy could intersperse the two most demanding sessions with a low-load training session. This study aimed to investigate the impact of these periodizations on external loads and MD readiness. Twenty academy players were tested. The modified weekly periodization strategy included a low-load training session between the two most demanding sessions, while the typical periodization implemented them consecutively. Players wore a GPS and rated their perceived exertion (RPE) during the most demanding sessions. Players were also tested using a CMJ, a 20-m sprint, the Illinois agility test (IAT), and the Hooper questionnaire on MD-4 to obtain baseline values (CONTROL) and on the match-day (TEST). CONTROL values were similar during experimental weeks. During the second most demanding session, players covered greater distances for the modified versus the typical periodization in the 20-25 km/h (306.3 ± 117.1 m vs. 223.5 ± 92.2 m, p < 0.05) and >25 km/h speed zones (89.5 ± 44.8 m vs. 67.2 ± 44.5 m, p < 0.05). On the MD, CMJ, 20-m sprint, and IAT performances were similar between both periodizations. However, 10-m time (1.89 ± 0.10 s vs. 1.92 ± 0.09 s, p < 0.05) and the Hooper index score (7.90 ± 2.14 a.u. vs. 9.50 ± 3.44 a.u., p < 0.05) were significantly lower during the modified periodization strategy. A decreased training load session positioned between the most demanding sessions may be of interest in elite academy soccer players as it can lead to increased weekly external loads and readiness on the MD.
足球领域典型的每周周期化训练策略会将要求最高的训练安排在比赛日（MD）前四天和三天（MD - 4/MD - 3）。然而，一种改良的周期化训练策略可以在两个要求最高的训练之间穿插一次低负荷训练。本研究旨在调查这些周期化训练对外部负荷和比赛日准备状态的影响。对20名青训球员进行了测试。改良的每周周期化训练策略在两个要求最高的训练之间安排了一次低负荷训练，而典型的周期化训练则将它们连续进行。球员们在要求最高的训练期间佩戴了GPS并对自己的主观用力程度（RPE）进行评分。球员们还在MD - 4时通过纵跳（CMJ）、20米冲刺跑、伊利诺伊敏捷性测试（IAT）以及霍珀问卷进行测试以获取基线值（对照），并在比赛日（测试）进行同样的测试。在实验周期间，对照值相似。在第二个要求最高的训练中，与典型的周期化训练相比，改良周期化训练的球员在20 - 25公里/小时速度区间（306.3 ± 117.1米 vs. 223.5 ± 92.2米，p < 0.05）和速度大于25公里/小时的区域（89.5 ± 44.8米 vs. 67.2 ± 44.5米，p < 0.05）跑动距离更远。在比赛日，两种周期化训练的CMJ、20米冲刺跑和IAT表现相似。然而，改良周期化训练策略下的10米用时（1.89 ± 0.10秒 vs. 1.92 ± 0.09秒，p < 0.05）和霍珀指数得分（7.90 ± 2.14任意单位 vs. 9.50 ± 3.44任意单位，p < 0.05）显著更低。在要求最高的训练之间安排一次负荷降低的训练，对于精英青训足球运动员可能是有益的，因为这可以导致每周外部负荷增加以及比赛日准备状态提升。
