Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India.
Photosynth Res. 2024 Oct;162(1):63-74. doi: 10.1007/s11120-024-01116-3. Epub 2024 Aug 12.
Understanding the stability of photosynthetic pigments is crucial for developing crop cultivars with high productivity and resilience to the environmental stresses. This study leveraged GGE biplot, WAASB, and MTSI indices to assess the stability of content and composition of photosynthetic pigments in leaves and siliques of 286 Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. genotypes across three environments. The GGE biplot analysis identified NRCQR-9901 as the best genotype in terms of chlorophyll 'a' under conditions of high irradiance and long days (E1). For chlorophyll 'b' and total chlorophyll, NC-533728 performed the best. AJ-2 and NPJ-208 had the maximum total carotenoids levels in leaves. RLC-2 was characterized by maximum values for chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total chlorophyll in the siliques. The low irradiance, short days, and moderate to high temperatures (E2) seemed perfect for the synthesis of photosynthetic pigments. NPJ-182 shows the maximum concentrations of chlorophyll 'a', total chlorophyll, and total carotenoids in leaves. Conversely, IC-597869, RE-389, and IC-597894 exhibited the highest concentrations of chlorophyll 'b' under an environment characterized by low light intensity, shorter daylights, and low temperatures (E3) during flowering and siliqua formation stages. The combined analysis found NPJ-182, NC-533728, CN-105233, RLC-2, CN-101846, JA-96, PBR-357, JM-3, and DTM-34 as top performers with high stability. Comparative transcriptome analysis with two stable and high-performing genotypes (PBR-357 and DTM-34) and two average performers revealed upregulation of critical photosynthesis-related genes (ELIP1, CAB3.1, ELIP1.5, and LHCB5) in top performers. This study identified promising trait donors for use in breeding programs aimed at improving the mustard crop's photosynthetic efficiency, productivity, and stability.
了解光合色素的稳定性对于培育具有高生产力和对环境胁迫具有弹性的作物品种至关重要。本研究利用 GGE 双标图、WAASB 和 MTSI 指数评估了 286 个芥菜（L.）Czern. 基因型在三个环境下叶片和角果中光合色素含量和组成的稳定性。GGE 双标图分析表明，在高光强和长日照条件下（E1），NRCQR-9901 是叶绿素 'a' 的最佳基因型。对于叶绿素 'b' 和总叶绿素，NC-533728 表现最佳。AJ-2 和 NPJ-208 叶片中的总类胡萝卜素含量最高。RLC-2 角果中的叶绿素 a、叶绿素 b 和总叶绿素含量最高。低光照、短日照和中高温（E2）似乎有利于光合色素的合成。NPJ-182 叶片中的叶绿素 'a'、总叶绿素和总类胡萝卜素浓度最高。相反，在开花和角果形成阶段光照强度低、日照时间短、温度低的环境下（E3），IC-597869、RE-389 和 IC-597894 叶片中的叶绿素 'b' 浓度最高。综合分析发现，NPJ-182、NC-533728、CN-105233、RLC-2、CN-101846、JA-96、PBR-357、JM-3 和 DTM-34 是表现稳定且优良的品种。与两个稳定且表现优良的基因型（PBR-357 和 DTM-34）和两个表现中等的基因型进行比较转录组分析，发现表现优良的基因型中关键光合作用相关基因（ELIP1、CAB3.1、ELIP1.5 和 LHCB5）上调。本研究为旨在提高芥菜作物光合作用效率、生产力和稳定性的育种计划提供了有前途的性状供体。
