Luick Madison, Bandy Lauren, Jebb Susan A, Pechey Rachel
Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Radcliffe Primary Care Building, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, Woodstock Rd, Oxford, OX2 6GG, UK.
BMC Nutr. 2024 Aug 13;10(1):110. doi: 10.1186/s40795-024-00914-1.
On 6 April 2022, legislation came into effect in England requiring calorie labels to be applied to food items on menus of larger food businesses. This study aimed to assess the impact of calorie labelling on (a) food purchased and (b) energy content of menu options in worksite cafeterias.
Product-level sales data and energy content of available items was obtained from 142 worksite cafeterias from January 2022-October 2022. Interrupted-time-series (ITS) analysis with level and slope change evaluated daily energy (kcal) purchased per item, and ITS with level change assessed mean energy per option available on menus before and after calorie labelling. Each analysis was conducted 6 weeks and 6 months from implementation. A post-hoc ITS examined weekly energy purchased per item over a longer period (March 2021-October 2022; 135 sites).
There was no evidence calorie labelling changed the energy content of foods purchased (6-week: + 0.60 cal/product, 95%CI:-2.54, + 3.75; 6-month: + 1.59 cal/product, 95%CI:-0.96, + 4.16). Post-hoc analyses suggested calorie labels were associated with a reduction in mean energy of items purchased over time (-0.65 kcal/week, 95%CI:-0.81,-0.49), but a significant increase (+ 3 kcal, 95%CI: + 0.43, + 5.60) at the point of implementation. There was a reduction in the mean energy content of menu options at each seasonal menu change (April 2022:-1.79 kcal, 95%CI:-3.42,-0.15; July 2022:-4.18 kcal, 95% CI:-7.65,-0.73).
This large observational study in worksite cafeterias found no evidence to indicate the introduction of calorie labelling led to any immediate reduction in energy purchased by customers. There was some evidence of increasing impact over time, possibly associated with changes in menu offerings, but this effect was small and cannot be directly attributed to calorie labelling.
2022年4月6日，英国一项立法开始生效，要求大型食品企业的菜单上必须标注食品的卡路里含量。本研究旨在评估卡路里标签对（a）购买的食品以及（b）工作场所自助餐厅菜单选项的能量含量的影响。
获取了2022年1月至2022年10月期间142个工作场所自助餐厅的产品层面销售数据和在售食品的能量含量。采用带有水平和斜率变化的中断时间序列（ITS）分析来评估每件商品每日购买的能量（千卡），并采用带有水平变化的ITS分析来评估卡路里标签实施前后菜单上每个选项的平均能量。每项分析在实施后的6周和6个月进行。一项事后ITS分析考察了更长时间段（2021年3月至2022年10月；135个场所）内每件商品每周购买的能量。
没有证据表明卡路里标签改变了所购食品的能量含量（6周：+0.60卡路里/产品，95%置信区间：-2.54，+3.75；6个月：+1.59卡路里/产品，95%置信区间：-0.96，+4.16）。事后分析表明，随着时间推移，卡路里标签与所购商品平均能量的降低有关（-0.65千卡/周，95%置信区间：-0.81，-0.49），但在实施时显著增加（+3千卡，95%置信区间：+0.43，+5.60）。在每个季节菜单变化时，菜单选项的平均能量含量都有所降低（2022年4月：-1.79千卡，95%置信区间：-3.42，-0.15；2022年7月：-4.18千卡，95%置信区间：-7.65，-0.73）。
这项在工作场所自助餐厅进行的大型观察性研究没有发现证据表明引入卡路里标签会使顾客购买的能量立即减少。有一些证据表明随着时间推移影响在增加，这可能与菜单供应的变化有关，但这种影响很小，不能直接归因于卡路里标签。
