Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
J Mater Chem B. 2024 Sep 11;12(35):8577-8604. doi: 10.1039/d4tb00782d.
This review article examines the current state of wearable and implantable biosensors, offering an overview of their biosensing mechanisms and applications. We also delve into integrating these biosensors with therapeutic systems, discussing their operational principles and incorporation into closed-loop devices. Biosensing strategies are broadly categorized into chemical sensing for biomarker detection, physical sensing for monitoring physiological conditions such as pressure and temperature, and electrophysiological sensing for capturing bioelectrical activities. The discussion extends to recent developments in drug delivery and electrical stimulation devices to highlight their significant role in closed-loop therapy. By integrating with therapeutic devices, biosensors enable the modulation of treatment regimens based on real-time physiological data. This capability enhances the patient-specificity of medical interventions, an essential aspect of personalized healthcare. Recent innovations in integrating biosensors and therapeutic devices have led to the introduction of closed-loop wearable and implantable systems capable of achieving previously unattainable therapeutic outcomes. These technologies represent a significant leap towards dynamic, adaptive therapies that respond in real-time to patients' physiological states, offering a level of accuracy and effectiveness that is particularly beneficial for managing chronic conditions. This review also addresses the challenges associated with biosensor technologies. We also explore the prospects of these technologies to address their potential to transform disease management with more targeted and personalized treatment solutions.
这篇综述文章探讨了可穿戴和可植入生物传感器的现状，概述了它们的生物传感机制和应用。我们还深入研究了将这些生物传感器与治疗系统集成，讨论了它们的工作原理和在闭环设备中的应用。生物传感策略广泛分为用于生物标志物检测的化学传感、用于监测压力和温度等生理状况的物理传感以及用于捕获生物电活动的电化学生物传感。讨论还扩展到了药物输送和电刺激设备的最新发展，以突出它们在闭环治疗中的重要作用。通过与治疗设备集成，生物传感器能够根据实时生理数据来调节治疗方案。这种能力增强了医疗干预的个体特异性，这是个性化医疗的一个重要方面。将生物传感器和治疗设备集成的最新创新已经导致了能够实现以前无法达到的治疗效果的闭环可穿戴和可植入系统的引入。这些技术代表了朝着对实时响应患者生理状态的动态、自适应治疗的重大飞跃，提供了一种准确性和有效性水平，对于管理慢性疾病尤其有益。这篇综述还讨论了与生物传感器技术相关的挑战。我们还探讨了这些技术的前景，以解决它们有可能通过更具针对性和个性化的治疗解决方案来改变疾病管理的问题。
