School of Integrated Circuit and Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
Shanghai Lung Cancer Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China.
Sensors (Basel). 2023 Mar 9;23(6):2991. doi: 10.3390/s23062991.
Sensors enable the detection of physiological indicators and pathological markers to assist in the diagnosis, treatment, and long-term monitoring of diseases, in addition to playing an essential role in the observation and evaluation of physiological activities. The development of modern medical activities cannot be separated from the precise detection, reliable acquisition, and intelligent analysis of human body information. Therefore, sensors have become the core of new-generation health technologies along with the Internet of Things (IoTs) and artificial intelligence (AI). Previous research on the sensing of human information has conferred many superior properties on sensors, of which biocompatibility is one of the most important. Recently, biocompatible biosensors have developed rapidly to provide the possibility for the long-term and in-situ monitoring of physiological information. In this review, we summarize the ideal features and engineering realization strategies of three different types of biocompatible biosensors, including wearable, ingestible, and implantable sensors from the level of sensor designing and application. Additionally, the detection targets of the biosensors are further divided into vital life parameters (e.g., body temperature, heart rate, blood pressure, and respiratory rate), biochemical indicators, as well as physical and physiological parameters based on the clinical needs. In this review, starting from the emerging concept of next-generation diagnostics and healthcare technologies, we discuss how biocompatible sensors revolutionize the state-of-art healthcare system unprecedentedly, as well as the challenges and opportunities faced in the future development of biocompatible health sensors.
传感器可用于检测生理指标和病理标志物，以辅助疾病的诊断、治疗和长期监测，此外还在生理活动的观察和评估中发挥着重要作用。现代医疗活动的发展离不开人体信息的精确检测、可靠获取和智能分析。因此，传感器与物联网（IoT）和人工智能（AI）一起成为新一代健康技术的核心。先前对人体信息传感的研究为传感器赋予了许多优异性能，其中生物相容性是最重要的性能之一。最近，生物相容性生物传感器发展迅速，为生理信息的长期和原位监测提供了可能性。在这篇综述中，我们从传感器设计和应用层面总结了三种不同类型的生物相容性生物传感器（包括可穿戴、可摄入和可植入传感器）的理想特性和工程实现策略。此外，根据临床需求，我们进一步将生物传感器的检测目标分为重要生命参数（例如体温、心率、血压和呼吸频率）、生化指标以及物理和生理参数。在这篇综述中，我们从下一代诊断和医疗保健技术的新兴概念出发，讨论了生物相容性传感器如何以前所未有的方式彻底改变先进的医疗保健系统，并探讨了生物相容性健康传感器未来发展所面临的挑战和机遇。
