Mwai Daniel, Gathecha Gladwell, Njuguna David, Ongango Jane, Mwenda Valerian, Kiptui Dorcas, Kendagor Ann, Cheburet Samuel, Mohamed Shukri, Jaguga Florence, Mugi Beatrice, Okinda Kennedy, Odeny Lazarus, Olwanda Easter, Boachie Micheal K
School of Economics, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya.
Futures Health Economics and Metric.
Tob Use Insights. 2024 Aug 12;17:1179173X241272385. doi: 10.1177/1179173X241272385. eCollection 2024.
To estimate the economic costs of selected tobacco-related illnesses (TRI) in Kenya in 2022.
This study was conducted in 2 phases. Phase 1, conducted between 2021 and 2022, entailed conducting a cross-sectional study conducted in 4 national public referral hospitals in Kenya. Patients with cardiovascular disease, cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or tuberculosis were interviewed to compute the indirect and direct medical costs related to the illness. Activity-Based Costing approach was used to capture costs for services along the continuum of care pathway. In the second phase, the Tobacco Attributable Factor was used to estimate the direct, indirect, and ultimately economic cost due to tobacco smoking.
The estimated health care cost attributed to tobacco use in Kenya is US$396,107,364. Among TRIs included in the study, myocardial infarction had the highest health care cost at US$158,687,627, followed by peripheral arterial disease and stroke with health care cost of US$64,723,181 and US$44,746,700 respectively. The main cost driver across all the illnesses is the cost for medication accounting for over 90% of the total health care cost. The productivity losses from the diseases ranged between US$148 to US$360 and accounted for 27% to 48% of the economic costs. The total cost attributable to tobacco use to Kenya's economy for the selected TRIs was between US$544.74 million and US$756.22 million.
CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: Tobacco related illnesses impose a significant economic burden as reported for direct and indirect costs. These findings underscore the need for strengthened implementation of the provision of the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control and the Tobacco Control Act (2007) to facilitate a reduction in tobacco consumption in the population.
估算2022年肯尼亚部分烟草相关疾病（TRI）的经济成本。
本研究分两个阶段进行。第一阶段于2021年至2022年开展，在肯尼亚4家国家级公立转诊医院进行横断面研究。对患有心血管疾病、癌症、慢性阻塞性肺疾病或结核病的患者进行访谈，以计算与疾病相关的间接和直接医疗成本。采用作业成本法来获取护理路径连续过程中各项服务的成本。在第二阶段，使用烟草归因因子来估算吸烟导致的直接、间接以及最终的经济成本。
肯尼亚因烟草使用导致的医疗保健成本估计为3.96107364亿美元。在该研究纳入的烟草相关疾病中，心肌梗死的医疗保健成本最高，为1.58687627亿美元，其次是外周动脉疾病和中风，医疗保健成本分别为6472.3181万美元和4474.67万美元。所有疾病的主要成本驱动因素是药物成本，占总医疗保健成本的90%以上。这些疾病造成的生产力损失在148美元至360美元之间，占经济成本的27%至48%。肯尼亚经济中因所选烟草相关疾病的烟草使用造成的总成本在5.4474亿美元至7.5622亿美元之间。
结论/解读：如报告所述，烟草相关疾病造成了巨大的直接和间接经济负担。这些研究结果强调了加强实施《烟草控制框架公约》和《烟草控制法》（2007年）的必要性，以促进减少人群中的烟草消费。
