Koronaiou Konstantina, Delipalla Sofia
University of Macedonia, Thessaloniki, Greece.
Tob Prev Cessat. 2019 Nov 15;5:39. doi: 10.18332/tpc/113091. eCollection 2019.
The high proportion of the population in Greece that is active and passive smoking makes smoking the leading risk factor for death and disability. Tobacco use creates a high cost to society and yet relevant research for Greece is limited.
The cost-of-illness approach is used to estimate the economic cost of smoking and, for the first time, of secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure in Greece. The analysis covers more health conditions, causally related to smoking, than those included in such studies.
Based on data from the Global Burden of Diseases Study 2017, total economic cost of tobacco smoking and SHS exposure is estimated to be €7.2 billion in 2017, which is equivalent to almost 4% of GDP in Greece. SHS exposure accounts for 8.9% of total cost. Direct cost of smoking is slightly less than indirect cost. Indirect cost is relatively higher for males. Musculoskeletal disorders and diabetes are found to comprise the greatest fraction of morbidity cost of smoking and SHS exposure, respectively. Cardiovascular diseases are found to be the main cause of mortality costs for both smoking and SHS exposure.
Total economic cost of tobacco smoking and SHS exposure in Greece is estimated to be more than double the revenue from tobacco taxes. Smoking imposes a heavy economic burden, underlining the need for efficient interventions, including effective implementation and enforcement of existing anti-tobacco policies.
希腊主动和被动吸烟人口比例很高，这使得吸烟成为导致死亡和残疾的主要风险因素。烟草使用给社会带来了高昂成本，但希腊相关的研究却很有限。
采用疾病成本法来估算吸烟以及希腊二手烟暴露的经济成本，这是首次进行此类估算。该分析涵盖了更多与吸烟存在因果关系的健康状况，比此类研究中包含的状况更多。
基于《2017年全球疾病负担研究》的数据，2017年吸烟和二手烟暴露的总经济成本估计为72亿欧元，几乎相当于希腊国内生产总值的4%。二手烟暴露占总成本的8.9%。吸烟的直接成本略低于间接成本。男性的间接成本相对较高。肌肉骨骼疾病和糖尿病分别是吸烟和二手烟暴露发病成本中占比最大的部分。心血管疾病是吸烟和二手烟暴露死亡成本的主要原因。
希腊吸烟和二手烟暴露的总经济成本估计超过烟草税收入的两倍。吸烟带来了沉重的经济负担，这凸显了采取有效干预措施的必要性，包括有效实施和执行现有的反烟草政策。
