AlOtaibi Saud D, Elsisi Hossam A, AlShammary Mohammed J, AlQader Saud A, AlHarbi Hejab A, AlOlaiyan Bayan R, Alanazi Ahmad O, AlMendeel Firas S, AlHarbi Yazeed N, AlKhalaf Ibrahim, Alhowail Ahmad H, Elwy Abdelhamid Mohamed, Emara Ashraf M
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology College of Pharmacy Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Qassim, Saudi Arabia.
Pharmaceutical Care Services King Saud Medical City Ministry of Health, Riyadh 12746, Saudi Arabia.
J Toxicol. 2024 Aug 6;2024:1643693. doi: 10.1155/2024/1643693. eCollection 2024.
People who are addicted to amphetamines have a much greater chance of developing psychosis compared to those who are not. It is essential to study the behavioral and psychological effects of amphetamines. Therefore, this research aimed to examine conditions such as depression, anxiety, mood, cognitive abilities at the workplace, and social responsibilities by using sociodemographic factors as useful tools in determining effective strategies for preventing, managing, and treating amphetamine addiction.
A cross-sectional study among addicts hospitalized at two rehabilitation centers across Saudi Arabia between May and October 2023. A validated questionnaire consisting of psychiatric disorders assessment tools was distributed to healthcare professionals to start an interview with addicts to assess the abnormalities. The results were compared with healthy people (control). The assessment tools used are Hamilton Anxiety and Depression Rating Scale, Young Mania Rating Scale, and Work and Social Adjustment Scale. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 22.0. Pearson correlation coefficients () were employed.
A total of 60 subjects participated in this study. The participants were divided into two groups ( = 60): group I was control ( = 25) healthy volunteers and group II was amphetamine abusers ( = 35), who were hospitalized for detoxification. The ages ranged from 18 to 60 years old with mean ages of 38.68 (±8.14) and 37.77 (±10.95) years in the control and amphetamine groups, respectively. Among the addicts, the mean severity dependence scale value was 10.46 (±1.82), which denotes high dependency on the illicit drug. The prevalence of high levels of anxiety, depression, and bipolar disorder was significantly higher among addicts when they were compared to healthy people (control). The assessment of the Work and Social Adjustment Scale (WSAS) reflected a higher impairment that minimized their ability to perform the work requirements, home management, social leisure, and relationships.
The addiction to amphetamines was associated with high impairment of work performance and social obligations and a negative impact on the addict's mental health. The risk of suffering anxiety, depression, and bipolar is higher than in nonaddict people. These effects are attributed to brain damage, neurotoxicity, and neuronal inflammation, particularly when these substances are abused over extended periods and at higher doses.
与未成瘾者相比，苯丙胺成瘾者患精神病的几率要高得多。研究苯丙胺的行为和心理影响至关重要。因此，本研究旨在通过将社会人口学因素作为有用工具，来确定预防、管理和治疗苯丙胺成瘾的有效策略，进而研究诸如抑郁、焦虑、情绪、工作场所的认知能力以及社会责任等情况。
2023年5月至10月期间，在沙特阿拉伯的两个康复中心对住院成瘾者进行了一项横断面研究。向医护人员发放了一份由精神疾病评估工具组成的有效问卷，以便开始对成瘾者进行访谈，以评估异常情况。将结果与健康人（对照组）进行比较。所使用的评估工具包括汉密尔顿焦虑和抑郁评定量表、青年躁狂评定量表以及工作和社会适应量表。使用SPSS 22.0版对数据进行分析。采用了Pearson相关系数（）。
共有60名受试者参与了本研究。参与者分为两组（n = 60）：第一组为对照组（n = 25），即健康志愿者；第二组为苯丙胺滥用者（n = 35），他们因戒毒而住院。年龄范围为18至60岁，对照组和苯丙胺组的平均年龄分别为38.68（±8.14）岁和37.77（±10.95）岁。在成瘾者中，平均严重程度依赖量表值为10.46（±1.82），这表明对非法药物有高度依赖性。与健康人（对照组）相比，成瘾者中焦虑、抑郁和双相情感障碍高水平的患病率显著更高。工作和社会适应量表（WSAS）的评估反映出更高的功能损害，这降低了他们履行工作要求、家庭管理、社交休闲和人际关系的能力。
苯丙胺成瘾与工作表现和社会义务的高度损害以及对成瘾者心理健康的负面影响有关。患焦虑、抑郁和双相情感障碍的风险高于未成瘾者。这些影响归因于脑损伤、神经毒性和神经元炎症，特别是当这些物质长期大量滥用时。
