Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, 51452, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia.
Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
Sci Rep. 2024 May 8;14(1):10600. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-61182-4.
This cross-sectional study aims to evaluate the immune system status and hematological disturbances among individuals who abuse amphetamines and cannabis. Substance abuse, particularly of amphetamines and cannabis, has been associated with various adverse effects on the body, including potential impacts on the immune system and hematological parameters. However, limited research has been conducted to comprehensively assess these effects in a cross-sectional design. Additionally, fungal infections are on the rise internationally, and immune-compromised people are particularly susceptible. The study will recruit a sample of amphetamine and cannabis abusers (n = 50) at the Eradah Hospital in the Qassim Region of Buraydah and assess their sociodemographic and biochemical variables, including blood indices and differential WBC indices, liver, and kidney profiles. Additionally, 50 sputum samples in total were cultured for testing for fungus infections. To obtain the descriptive statistics, the data was imported into Microsoft Excel and subjected to statistical analysis using SPSS 22.0. Amphetamine and cannabis abuser's sociodemographic variables analysis observed that the majority (52%) were aged 18-30, with 56% in secondary school. Unemployment was a significant issue, and most had no other health issues. The majority (50%) had 5-10 years of abuse, while 32% had less than 5 years, and only 18% had been drug abusers for more than 10 years. There were significant changes (p < 0.001) in all different leukocyte blood cells, including neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils. Furthermore, a microscopic examination of blood films from individuals who misuse the combination of the medications "amphetamine and cannabis" reveals hazardous alterations in Neutrophils. Out of 50, 35 sputum samples showed positive growth on Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) with chloramphenicol antibiotic, indicating a unicellular fungal growth. The present study explores the immune system and hematological disturbances linked to amphetamine and cannabis abuse, providing insights into health risks and targeted interventions. The findings complement previous research on drug users' hematological abnormalities, particularly in white blood cells. Routine hematological tests help identify alterations in homeostatic conditions, improving patient knowledge and preventing major issues. Further research is needed on multi-drug abuse prevention, early detection, and intervention. The cross-sectional design allows for a snapshot of the immune system and hematological status among abusers, laying the groundwork for future longitudinal studies. Key Words: Drug Effect, Immunity, Epidemiology, Oxidative Stress, Inflammation.
这项横断面研究旨在评估滥用安非他命和大麻的个体的免疫系统状况和血液学紊乱。物质滥用，特别是安非他命和大麻的滥用，与身体的各种不良反应有关，包括对免疫系统和血液学参数的潜在影响。然而，很少有研究全面评估这种在横断面设计中的影响。此外，国际上真菌感染呈上升趋势，免疫功能低下的人尤其容易感染。该研究将在布赖代地区的 Qassim 地区的 Eradah 医院招募 50 名安非他命和大麻滥用者，并评估他们的社会人口统计学和生化变量，包括血液指数和白细胞分类指数、肝和肾谱。此外，总共采集了 50 份痰样本进行真菌感染检测。为了获得描述性统计数据，将数据导入 Microsoft Excel 并使用 SPSS 22.0 进行统计分析。对安非他命和大麻滥用者的社会人口统计学变量进行分析，结果显示，大多数（52%）年龄在 18-30 岁之间，其中 56%在中学。失业是一个严重的问题，大多数人没有其他健康问题。大多数（50%）有 5-10 年的滥用史，而 32%的人滥用时间不足 5 年，只有 18%的人滥用药物超过 10 年。所有不同的白细胞血液细胞，包括中性粒细胞、淋巴细胞、单核细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞和嗜碱性粒细胞，都有显著变化（p<0.001）。此外，对同时滥用安非他命和大麻的个体的血液涂片进行显微镜检查，发现中性粒细胞有危险的变化。在 50 份痰样本中，有 35 份在含有氯霉素抗生素的沙氏葡萄糖琼脂（SDA）上显示出阳性生长，表明单细胞真菌生长。本研究探讨了与安非他命和大麻滥用相关的免疫系统和血液学紊乱，为健康风险和针对性干预提供了见解。研究结果补充了之前关于吸毒者血液学异常的研究，特别是白细胞异常。常规血液学检查有助于识别内稳态条件的改变，提高患者的认识，预防重大问题。需要进一步研究多药物滥用的预防、早期发现和干预。横断面设计可以捕捉到滥用者的免疫系统和血液学状态的快照，为未来的纵向研究奠定基础。关键词：药物作用、免疫、流行病学、氧化应激、炎症。
